Saturday, April 30, 2016

What is the precent by mass of sulfur in sulfur dioxide?

The question asks you to determine what percent of the total mass of the compound sulfur dioxide (`~SO_2` ) is due to the mass of the S atom.


In order to determine the percent by mass of S in the compound `~SO_2` , we will need to divide the mass of the S atom by the mass of the entire compound, and then multiply our answer by 100 to put it into percent.


Step 1...

The question asks you to determine what percent of the total mass of the compound sulfur dioxide (`~SO_2` ) is due to the mass of the S atom.


In order to determine the percent by mass of S in the compound `~SO_2` , we will need to divide the mass of the S atom by the mass of the entire compound, and then multiply our answer by 100 to put it into percent.


Step 1: Determine the atomic mass of each element from the periodic table.


  • Mass of S is 32.065 g

  • Mass of O is 15.9994 g

Step 2: Determine the mass of the entire compound. (`~SO_2` )


  • Mass of `~SO_2` = (mass of S) + (2 x mass of O):

            (32.065 g) + (2 x 15.9994 g) = 64.064 g


    *Notice that we multiplied the mass of O by two, since there are two O atoms in the compound.


Step 3: Determine the percent by mass of S in `~SO_2` .


  • % Mass of S in `~SO_2` = (mass of S/mass of `~SO_2` ) x 100

            (32.065 g/64.064 g) x 100 = 50.052 %


       So, 50.052 % of the mass of `~SO_2` comes from the S atom.


We can also determine the percent of O by mass in `~SO_2` .


  • % Mass of O in `~SO_2`= (2 x mass of O/mass of `~SO_2`) x 100

              (2 x 15.9994 g/64.064 g) x 100 = 49.948 %


Notice that when you add together the percent by mass of the O atoms and the percent by mass of the S atom, your answer should equal 100%.


  • 50.052 % + 49.948 % =100 %

Can any character in The Great Gatsby be considered materialistic or possessive?

In a sense, every character in The Great Gatsby can be considered materialistic. As the novel depicts the decline of the "American Dream," each character continues to cling to the era's decadence.


The title character, Jay Gatsby, comes from an impoverished childhood in North Dakota. His life goal is to become rich and "great," though some of his ambitions are for his love of Daisy.


Daisy is a southern debutante who embodies "old money" and...

In a sense, every character in The Great Gatsby can be considered materialistic. As the novel depicts the decline of the "American Dream," each character continues to cling to the era's decadence.


The title character, Jay Gatsby, comes from an impoverished childhood in North Dakota. His life goal is to become rich and "great," though some of his ambitions are for his love of Daisy.


Daisy is a southern debutante who embodies "old money" and aristocracy. Though is she is capable of caring, her love of money and luxury outweigh any loyalty to anything but her own comfort.


Though Nick sees Daisy as a careless brat who hides behind her money, he himself succumbs to the luxuries of materialism and loses his way, blinded by Gatsby's affluence.


Tom Buchanan, Daisy's rich husband, represents materialism without knowing what he's become. He is sexist, racist, and has no morals in regard to anything.


What F. Scott Fitzgerald delivers in The Great Gatsby is a cautionary tale of the results of a world of hedonism and materialism. The excesses of wealth and the impulses of power bring only disaster to the characters involved, as well as innocents who become collateral damage.

How does Daisy react to Gatsby's house?

Daisy ends up bursting into tears on her first visit to Gatsby's house. Initially, viewing its vast splendor from outside, she says, "I love it," but also wonders how Gatsby can live there all alone. She admires the beautiful gardens with their odors of jonquils, hawthorn, and plum blossoms, and then Gatsby takes her through the house itself, ending in his bedroom. At this point, he shows her his vast array of shirts, tossing them...

Daisy ends up bursting into tears on her first visit to Gatsby's house. Initially, viewing its vast splendor from outside, she says, "I love it," but also wonders how Gatsby can live there all alone. She admires the beautiful gardens with their odors of jonquils, hawthorn, and plum blossoms, and then Gatsby takes her through the house itself, ending in his bedroom. At this point, he shows her his vast array of shirts, tossing them into a mound. Suddenly Daisy buries her face in the mound and begins to cry "stormily," saying the shirts make her sad because they are so beautiful.


We can understand Daisy to be emotionally overwhelmed by the events of her day, especially reuniting with an old boyfriend she has not seen in five years and possibly feeling some regret over times past and pressure from Gatsby's intense expectations. We can also see her, as we did in the first chapter, when her dress and Jordan's billowed in the breezes, as a person "blown around" by the men in her life, as if on a sea and crying "stormily" in response to emotions she can't quite understand.

Calculate the subatomic particles for isotopes: Al

Subatomic particles are small particles found in atoms. The three main subatomic particles are protons, neutrons, and electrons.


Isotopes are different forms of the same element. The isotopes of an element are different from one another because they have different numbers of neutrons. Because they have different numbers of neutrons, they also have different masses. 


There are three main isotopes of aluminum. We can indicate the isotopes for aluminum by using two...

Subatomic particles are small particles found in atoms. The three main subatomic particles are protons, neutrons, and electrons.


Isotopes are different forms of the same element. The isotopes of an element are different from one another because they have different numbers of neutrons. Because they have different numbers of neutrons, they also have different masses. 


There are three main isotopes of aluminum. We can indicate the isotopes for aluminum by using two different isotope symbols as shown below.


Aluminum-26 OR `~^26_13Al`


Aluminum-27 OR `~^27_13Al`


Aluminum-28 OR `~^28_13Al` ` `


In the first version, the name of the element is followed by a dash and a number. The number is equal to the mass of the isotope.


In the second version, two numbers are written in front of the element symbol. The top number is equal to the mass of the isotope. The bottom number is equal to the atomic number of the element.


Calculating Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons:



  • # Protons: The number of protons is always equal to the atomic number of the element. When you are using the second isotope symbol shown above, the atomic number is the bottom number. So, the number of protons is equal to the bottom number in the symbol. When you are using the first isotope symbol shown above, the atomic number is not indicated. In this case, you will need to use a periodic table to find the atomic number.


  • # Electrons: If the isotope is neutral (i.e. does not have a charge), the number of electrons is also equal to the atomic number. So, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons.


  • # Neutrons: The mass number is indicated in both of the isotope symbols show above. The mass number is equal to the number of protons plus the number of neutrons. Therefore, the number of neutrons can be calculated by subtracting the number of protons from the mass number.

Each of the isotopes of aluminum would have the following numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons.


Aluminum-26 OR : 13 protons, 13 electrons, 13 neutrons (26 - 13)


Aluminum-27 OR : 13 protons, 13 electrons, 14 neutrons (27 - 13)


Aluminum-28 OR : 13 protons, 13 electrons, 15 neutrons (28 - 13)



How does circulation of blood in 3 chambered heart work?

Amphibians contain a three chamber heart that is made of two atria and a single ventricle. In a three chamber heart, the blood flows in the following order.

  • The atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the veins. The oxygen has already been used by the body’s various organs.

  • The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and skin. Oxygen can pass through the skin of many amphibians. Thus, the skin of many amphibians serves as a gas exchange organ.

  • Both atria empty into the single ventricle. The ventricle is divided into tiny chambers that helps to prevent the mixing of the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood coming from the two atria.

  • Contraction of the ventricle sends oxygenated blood to carotid arteries and then the brain.

  • Contraction of the ventricle sends deoxygenated blood to pulmocutaneous arteries that takes blood to the skin and lungs in order to become oxygenated.

  • Blood that passes through the aortic arches after the heart contracts delivers oxygen to the rest of the body.

What are three character traits of Tom Walker?

Washington Irving uses both direct and indirect characterization to portray the personality traits of Tom Walker in the short story "The Devil and Tom Walker." In the second paragraph Irving comes right out and says that Tom was "meager and miserly." By "miserly," Irving means that Tom was simply greedy, which may be his most prominent character trait. In an example of indirect characterization, Irving writes that Tom's house was miserable and starved because he spent no money on it. When Tom meets the incarnation of the devil in a dark forest, he is instantly intrigued by the idea that he could get from the devil all the riches he wanted. Thus, he enters into a deal with "old scratch," agreeing to become a usurious money lender in exchange for instant wealth. Tom is so greedy that when the devil suggests he lend money at two percent a month, Tom says he will charge four percent.

Tom is also grimly determined and eager. After his wife disappears Tom is dedicated to finding the "black woodsman" and making a deal with him. Irving writes,



He sought, therefore, to cultivate a further acquaintance with him, but for some time without success; the old blacklegs played shy, for whatever people may think, he is not always to be had for calling for; he knows how to play his cards when pretty sure of his game.



Not dissuaded, Tom eventually tracks down "old scratch" and makes his deal. As he grows older, Tom also becomes determined to avoid his fate. He takes up religion and Irving reports he was a "violent church-goer" always carrying a Bible and praying loudly during church services. As he has cheated his neighbors, he seeks to do the same to the devil.


Finally, Tom is downright mean spirited. He cheats his neighbors and starves his horses. Just before he is taken away by a "black man" on a "black horse" Tom is in the middle of foreclosing on the mortgage of a supposed friend. Even though the man claims he will be ruined and needs just "a few month's indulgence," Tom is unperturbed and refuses the man's pleas. Tom suggests that he has to take care of himself and cannot be providing charity despite the man's claims that Tom has made plenty of money from the mortgage. In a fitting ending to this episode, Tom says,



"The Devil take me...if I have made a farthing."



Just then he is "whisked" off to the dark forest and never seen again.

Friday, April 29, 2016

What is the time period in the story The Blue Stones by Isak Dinesen?

Isak Dinesen was the pen-name of Baroness Karen von Blixen-Finecke of Denmark. She wrote during the first half of the 20th century, though most of her stories are set during the 19th century. The time period for her stories is not always explicitly mentioned, so we must rely on context clues to discern when they are set.


One clue we can use to determine the time period for The Blue Stones is the naming of...

Isak Dinesen was the pen-name of Baroness Karen von Blixen-Finecke of Denmark. She wrote during the first half of the 20th century, though most of her stories are set during the 19th century. The time period for her stories is not always explicitly mentioned, so we must rely on context clues to discern when they are set.


One clue we can use to determine the time period for The Blue Stones is the naming of the city Trankebar (or Tranquebar.) From 1620 to 1845, this Indian town was part of a Danish colony. Today, the name of the town is Tharangambadi, but the Danes still call it Trankebar. Because Dinesen wrote in English, we could infer that she might use the name of the city as it is known in English if the story were set after the Danish colonization. Because she uses the name Trankebar, we can narrow down the time period to sometime between 1620 and 1845. Her use of the English name for the city of Elsinore backs up this supposition- she would not likely have used one English place-name and one Danish in the same story to refer to events which took place in the same time period.


The skipper in the story sails his ship from his home in Elsinore, to Trankebar in Danish India, to Portugal, presumably as part of the Danish East India Company trade network. The Danish East India Company was in existence from 1616-1650, then dissolved due to complications with the Dutch trade companies. It was reinstated between 1670 and 1729, dissolved again, and in 1730 was re-founded as the Asiatic Company. The skipper helped a "native king" flee from Trankebar and the traitors in his homeland. Depending on how  much Dinesen knew about the conflicts in India, information doesn't really help us narrow down a date any further than the late 17th to mid 19th centuries, as rule in and around Tamil Nadu changed hands many times, especially during the Maratha-Mughal conflicts. 


My best guess for the setting of this story is that it occurred during the 18th century, during the active years of the Danish East India or Asiatic Company, coinciding with some territorial conflict. 

What are some important factors that help make a relationship positive?

Different cultures have different standards for what constitutes a good or positive relationship. While this answer focuses on modern, western societies, one should be aware that the answers to this question do vary with region and culture.


Some of the elements that contribute to positive relationships are:


  • People in a relationship should generally like, respect and value one another.

  • Good communication is essential to a good relationship. People should be comfortable confiding in their partners...

Different cultures have different standards for what constitutes a good or positive relationship. While this answer focuses on modern, western societies, one should be aware that the answers to this question do vary with region and culture.


Some of the elements that contribute to positive relationships are:


  • People in a relationship should generally like, respect and value one another.

  • Good communication is essential to a good relationship. People should be comfortable confiding in their partners and not keep important secrets.

  • Both partners should be deeply committed to a relationship and willing to put effort into it, even when they are going through a rough patch.

  • A good relationship means no elements of physical, mental, or emotional abuse.

  • Partners should agree on important goals such as whether they want children, where they wish to live, and what sort of lifestyle they want.

  • Partners should share essential values. Even if they disagree about minor issues, major value differences over gender roles, money, or religion can be negative factors.

  • Partners should share enough interests so they can enjoy being together, doing things together, and talking with each other. 

In "Thank You, Ma'm" by Langston Hughes, why does Mrs. Jones take Roger home?

At the very beginning of “Thank You, Ma’m” by Langston Hughes, we are introduced to a tough woman named Mrs. Jones. Roger, a 14- or 15-year-old boy, attempted to steal her purse. Since the strap of Mrs. Jones’ purse broke, Roger ended up falling to the ground and Mrs. Jones confronted him.


First, she demanded that he pick up her purse and hand it to her. Next, she asked him a series of questions in...

At the very beginning of “Thank You, Ma’m” by Langston Hughes, we are introduced to a tough woman named Mrs. Jones. Roger, a 14- or 15-year-old boy, attempted to steal her purse. Since the strap of Mrs. Jones’ purse broke, Roger ended up falling to the ground and Mrs. Jones confronted him.


First, she demanded that he pick up her purse and hand it to her. Next, she asked him a series of questions in order to gauge his character. She asked if he was ashamed of himself, to which he responded that he was. However, when Mrs. Jones asked him why he attempted to steal her purse, he denied his responsibility. She then asked him if she were to let him go if he would run or not, and very honestly Roger responded that he would.


Sensing that Roger did not see the severity of his actions or did not feel sorry for what he did, Mrs. Jones figured that she could teach him a lesson. She reveals her true intentions to Roger when she says, “You ought to be my son. I would teach you right from wrong." In other words, Mrs. Jones is momentarily taking Roger into her care so that he can learn from his mistakes.

In Silas Marner, does the phrase "God will clear me" have any literary devises?

The phrase "God will clear me" refers to the utterance that Silas Marner continuously repeated when he was accused of stealing and of having a knife 


The knife had been found in the bureau by the departed deacon's bedside—found in the place where the little bag of church money had lain, which the minister himself had seen the day before. Some hand had removed that bag; and whose hand could it be, if not that of the man to whom the knife belonged?



The accusation made against Silas is pretty bad, and leaves  him in a shock. When he says "God will clear me" he is offering human traits to an ethereal character in which a lot of people place their faith. He does this in the belief that this ethereal spirit has the power to intervene among humans and exercise its will with more power and authority than any other human being would.  Awarding of human traits to such being is called personification. 


Still it would be more precise to define the process of giving human traits to a non-human character in the phrase "God will clear me" as anthropomorphism.


This type of personification is directly ascribed to giving God a human quality, trait or skill that is only possible for humans to do. Hence, that God will "clear" Silas would entail that the Lord himself will be coming down from heaven, act as a defense attorney of some kind for Silas, and cause the miracle of clearning his name in front of the others who want to hurt him. 



 "God will clear me: I know nothing about the knife being there, or the money being gone. Search me and my dwelling; you will find nothing but three pound five of my own savings, which William Dane knows I have had these six months." 



Anthropomorphism is a very typical tendency among religious believers. It is one of the most widely-used literary devices in prayers, hymns, psalms, and Bible verses. It is perhaps one of the most effective ways to create a personal connection to a power that is considered higher than our human condition. Silas, being a deeply religious man, stuck to his faith and felt that God would intervene for him. Anyone would have thought the same way under these dire circumstances. 

Thursday, April 28, 2016

What events argue that the automated house in "There Will Come Soft Rains" could represent the dangers of technology?

The house symbolizes the destructiveness of technology because the humans are all dead and the house continues on.

It is clear that whatever happened to the people was some kind of technological disaster.  Nothing in nature turns a family into spots of paint.  The entire wall of the house is blackened, everything living is dead, and the dog crawls to its death.  There was likely some kind of nuclear blast that destroyed the population. 



The five spots of paint—the man, the woman, the children, the ball—remained. The rest was a thin charcoaled layer.



The house itself continues to be alive, because it only mimics life.  It is not susceptible to the radiation.  The house survives and goes about its business without realizing that the people are not there.  It has no appreciation for life, as evidenced by its cleaning up the dog's body like so much garbage.



Two o'clock, sang a voice. Delicately sensing decay at last, the regiments of mice hummed out as softly as blown grey leaves in an electrical wind. Two-fifteen. The dog was gone.



The dog is swept up and incinerated, and that is that.  The house cannot distinguish between it and the garbage.  It was the only living thing that remained, but it meant nothing to the house.


The house would have continued indefinitely if it had not been destroyed by the fire.  The fire was an accident.  A tree branch knocked over a can of solvent.  If a person had been there, he or she would have realized what was going on and put out the fire before it burned down the house.  The house itself was incapable of logic.  It tried to put out the fire and failed.


Ironically, the tree's death is undoubtedly linked to the atomic incident that incinerated the family.  The house died for the same reason the people and the dog did, at least indirectly.  Technology killed the house too.


Bradbury is trying to tell us with this story that while it may be nice to have technology help us, it can hurt us too.  If you allow everything to be automated and rely on machines to help you live your life, you run the risk of being disconnected from what really is life.  Something happened to the living in this story.  We do not know exactly what, but we do know that technology is to blame.

How does the Cratchit family in A Christmas Carol present themes and ideas? Themes like family, generosity, Christmas, ignorance, and want.

The Cratchits provide a counterpoint to Scrooge and illustrate the novel's predominate theme: that family and generosity are more valuable than great riches. Scrooge has the one thing they don't, money, but Cratchits have everything else that leads to happiness and contentment: family, love, kindness and generosity. 


While Scrooge sits alone amid his piles of money in his dark, gloomy house, hoping the poor will die and rid the world of excess population, poor sick...

The Cratchits provide a counterpoint to Scrooge and illustrate the novel's predominate theme: that family and generosity are more valuable than great riches. Scrooge has the one thing they don't, money, but Cratchits have everything else that leads to happiness and contentment: family, love, kindness and generosity. 


While Scrooge sits alone amid his piles of money in his dark, gloomy house, hoping the poor will die and rid the world of excess population, poor sick Tiny Tim, the youngest Cratchit, who is doomed to die if his family doesn't find more money, blesses everyone. Likewise, Bob Cratchit, the clerk Scrooge underpays and overworks, remains cheerful because he has what matters most in life: a loving family and a good heart.


Dickens' believed that transforming and softening the hearts of individuals would reform capitalism without any need of a revolution. A Christmas Carol strongly articulates that theme. Scrooge may smart about making money, and Bob Cratchit ignorant on that front, but in the end, it's social intelligence, the ability to get along with and enter into good-hearted relationships, that matters. In the book, Scrooge, who has grown ignorant of the importance of community, takes an unwanted journey that leads him to become more like the Cratchits, who, in the end, possess life's real riches. And as Scrooge becomes more like them, he shares with them the one thing they need (and Dickens never lost sight of the fact that the poor needed money), some small portion of his wealth. 

Wednesday, April 27, 2016

What were the two ceremonies that Mr. Hooper directed on the same day that he began to wear the veil?

First, Mr. Hooper officiates at a funeral service for a young woman.  There, his veil was "an appropriate emblem," because it, too, seems solemn and somber and thus matches the mood of the funeral.  Also, black is a color often associated with death and mourning, so it is appropriate for that reason as well.  One old superstitious woman thinks that, as he leaned over the deceased girl and the veil fell slightly away from his...

First, Mr. Hooper officiates at a funeral service for a young woman.  There, his veil was "an appropriate emblem," because it, too, seems solemn and somber and thus matches the mood of the funeral.  Also, black is a color often associated with death and mourning, so it is appropriate for that reason as well.  One old superstitious woman thinks that, as he leaned over the deceased girl and the veil fell slightly away from his face so that the girl could have seen his face if she were alive, the body of the dead girl actually shuddered.


Next, Mr. Hooper officiates at a wedding ceremony.  The presence of the veil here seems completely inappropriate and incongruous to the occasion.  The sight of it makes the "bride's cold fingers" quiver "in the tremulous hand of the bridegroom, and her deathlike paleness caused a whisper that the maiden who had been buried a few hours before was come from her grave to be married."  In short, Mr. Hooper's veiled face fairly terrifies the young couple and casts a pall of gloom over the entire proceedings.  Finally, he catches sight of his own reflection and is so overcome with its horrors that he drops his wine and runs out into the night.

How can I convert 12g of oxygen gas and 20g of water into moles?

For both of these calculations, you will need to use the conversion factor "1 mole = molar mass". So, before we begin the mole conversion calculations, we will need to calculate the molar masses of oxygen (` ` ) and water (` ` ).


Calculation of Molar Masses:


The molar mass of a substance is calculated by multiplying the atomic mass of each element in the substance by its subscript and then adding the...

For both of these calculations, you will need to use the conversion factor "1 mole = molar mass". So, before we begin the mole conversion calculations, we will need to calculate the molar masses of oxygen (` ` ) and water (` ` ).


Calculation of Molar Masses:


The molar mass of a substance is calculated by multiplying the atomic mass of each element in the substance by its subscript and then adding the resulting answers together. The atomic masses of oxygen (O) and hydrogen (H) can be found in the periodic table: atomic mass of oxygen (O) = 16.0 g; atomic mass of hydrogen (H) = 1.0 g


molar mass of`~O_2`: 2 x 16.0 g = 32.0 g


So, the conversion factor that we will use for the `~O_2` mole conversion calculation becomes: 1 mol = 32.0 g


molar mass of ` ` : (2 x 1.0 g) + (1 x 16.0 g) = 18.0 g


So, the conversion factor that we will use for the `~H_2O` mole conversion calculation becomes: 1 mol = 18.0 g


Mole Conversion Calculations:


To convert a substance in grams to moles, multiply the given amount of the substance times its conversion factor.


   12 g ` ` x (1 mol/32.0 g) = 0.38 mol `~O_2`


   20 g `~H_2O ` x (1 mol/18.0 g) = 1.1 mol `~H_2O`


Notice that in both calculations, the conversion factors are oriented such that the "gram part" of each conversion factor is in the denominator. This enables us to cancel out the gram units, leaving our answers in moles.


During an experiment to produce carbon dioxide gas, a student recorded the following data: P CO2 : 708.1 atm V CO2: 29.65 mL T CO2: 25.5 ºC...

This problem can be solved using the ideal gas law, PV=nRT. We can rearrange it as follows to solve for n, the number of moles of gas:


n = PV/RT


R = .0821 L-atom/mol-K (ideal gas constant)


Temperature needs to be in Kelvins: 25.5ºC + 273 = 298.5 K


Volume must be in liters: V = 29.65 ml X (1 L/1000 ml) = 0.02965 L


n = (708.1 atm)(0.02965 ml)/(0.0821 L-atm/mol-K)(298.5 K)


n = 0.857...

This problem can be solved using the ideal gas law, PV=nRT. We can rearrange it as follows to solve for n, the number of moles of gas:


n = PV/RT


R = .0821 L-atom/mol-K (ideal gas constant)


Temperature needs to be in Kelvins: 25.5ºC + 273 = 298.5 K


Volume must be in liters: V = 29.65 ml X (1 L/1000 ml) = 0.02965 L


n = (708.1 atm)(0.02965 ml)/(0.0821 L-atm/mol-K)(298.5 K)


n = 0.857 moles, so the correct answer is b.


There are several values for R with different units. Be sure to use the value that has the same pressure units as given in the problem, in this case atmospheres. Make sure that other units match up, like using liters for volume. If you include all of the units in the calculation and cancel them you can verify that you set the problem up correctly.

What are 5 important events that happened in Leper's life in A Separate Peace?

Leper is an introvert and a misfit at Devon school. He's a minor character who symbolizes what happens in the wake of Phineas and Gene's dramatic adventures. As Phineas and Gene are competing with each other about manhood, Leper is out looking at nature, examining butterflies, or cross-country skiing. Sometimes Leper will attempt to participate in sports with the boys, or watch them jump out of the tree into the river, but he always seems to be playing near the boys and not exactly with them. He tends to be overlooked or unnoticed for the most part.

Five important events that happen to Leper are as follows: he witnesses Gene jounce the tree limb that causes Phineas to break his leg; his life's goal changes when he sees the ski patrol film; he enters the army prematurely and before anyone in his class; he suffers a mental breakdown and goes AWOL; and finally, he does not betray Gene at the mock trial about Finny's broken leg.


First, in chapter 4, Leper is the only witness to the incident that causes Phineas to break his leg. Leper had actually announced that he was going to jump out of the tree and "save his face" as Phineas calls it (57), but Gene and Finny scramble up the tree ahead of him due to the argument they were in. The fact that Leper witnesses this event is significant later on in the story as the boys create a mock trial to address it. At the time, though, he is dismissed as usual, which is also significant. Leper is that boy who everyone underestimates and never really becomes friends with.


Next, Leper is enthralled with nature. Since all the senior boys will most likely be drafted into World War II at the end of high school, Leper chooses to go into the army because of the ski patrol film he sees. Gene explains as follows:



". . . a recruiter from the United States ski troops showed a film to the senior class. . . To Leper it revealed what all of us were seeking: a recognizable and friendly face to the war" (124).



Leper falls for this because he probably doesn't think he can fit into the war effort in any other way, and that by skiing or doing something with nature, he will finally be accepted somewhere. Unfortunately, Leper does not understand that he will also have to go to boot camp and do other grunt work before qualifying for something like the ski troop. This causes him to be quite traumatized when he finally realizes the army for what it is—hard work and homesickness.


Once Leper is in the army, he can't stand being next to other men all day, every day. He was always one to be alone and away from the other boys at school; so, when he loses his freedom to wander off from the others, he does it anyway and goes AWOL (absent without leave). Not only that, but he is psychologically traumatized by the whole ordeal. Chapter 10 shows Gene going to Leper's family's home to see what happened. What Leper describes scares Gene:



". . . they turned everything inside out. I couldn't sleep in bed, I had to sleep everywhere else. I couldn't eat in the Mess Hall, I had to eat everywhere else. Everything began to be inside out. And the man next to me at night, coughing himself inside out. That was when things began to change" (150).



Leper then has hallucinations about women's heads on men's bodies, and Gene can't handle listening to his trauma. Leper isn't the shy guy anymore. He doesn't care what he says to people, now, so he tells Gene how much he despises him. He tells Gene he knows there's a "savage" underneath Gene's skin, "like that time you knocked Finny out of the tree" (145).


Leper is finally confident enough (or crazy enough) to openly acknowledge what Gene really did to Finny. This creates more tension because now Leper can gain popularity by telling the other boys at Devon what really happened that day. In the end, Leper doesn't betray Gene, but not because they are "friends." He remains quiet about the situation because he sees how the other boys really see him—as a fool. Leper realizes that no one paid any attention to him before they knew he had witnessed the accident, so why help them discover the truth now? Leper refuses to conform to their mock trial by not testifying. Brinker tries to get Leper to talk by saying, "This is important," but Leper responds as follows:



"So am I. . . I'm important. You've never realized it, but I'm important too. You be the fool. . . you do whatever anyone wants whenever they want it. You be the fool now" (176).



Even though Leper seems to be bitter after his rough year, he has gained the confidence to tell the big man on campus to back off. In addition, he has the guts to stand up for himself in front of the others rather than feeling inferior to them. In a way, Leper needed to go through all of these events to see that he is as important as the other boys, even if he doesn't turn out to be a World War II hero.

Where in lines 13-18 is alliteration used to create onomatopoeia? What are the examples of onomatopoeia in lines 1-24?

Alliteration refers exclusively to the repetition of the initial consonant sound of words.  The initial lines of this stanza read, "And the silken sad uncertain rustling of each purple curtain / Thrilled me [...]" (lines 13-14).  The "s" sound at the beginning of "silken" and "sad" is alliterative and it describes the sound made, perhaps, by a silken curtain rustling in a light wind.  However, "silken sad uncertain rus...

Alliteration refers exclusively to the repetition of the initial consonant sound of words.  The initial lines of this stanza read, "And the silken sad uncertain rustling of each purple curtain / Thrilled me [...]" (lines 13-14).  The "s" sound at the beginning of "silken" and "sad" is alliterative and it describes the sound made, perhaps, by a silken curtain rustling in a light wind.  However, "silken sad uncertain rustling" contains four instances of the "s" sound: at the beginnings of "silken" and "sad," then in the middles of "uncertain" (the soft "c") and "rustling."  Because not all of these "s" sounds are at the beginnings of words, we wouldn't refer to the entire phrase as an example of alliteration, but it does seem appropriate to consider all four repetitions of the sound, though, since they are so close to one another and are much more striking than just considering two repetitions.


As for examples of onomatopoeia in the first twenty four lines, "rapping" and "tapping" would both qualify, as would "muttered" and "rustling."  All of these words sound like the sounds they describe. 

Tuesday, April 26, 2016

At the beginning of Act I, what behavior of Nora's does Torvald express concern about?

Torvald gives Nora many nicknames, most noticeably in the first act of the play. "Spendthrift" and "Miss Sweet-Tooth" are both so-called terms of endearment that Torvald uses to address Nora; however, these nicknames are extremely revealing. 


One of the first things Nora does in the play is to ask Torvald for money, as much as he can spare her. While the audience later learns that Nora is scrimping every penny she can in order to...

Torvald gives Nora many nicknames, most noticeably in the first act of the play. "Spendthrift" and "Miss Sweet-Tooth" are both so-called terms of endearment that Torvald uses to address Nora; however, these nicknames are extremely revealing. 


One of the first things Nora does in the play is to ask Torvald for money, as much as he can spare her. While the audience later learns that Nora is scrimping every penny she can in order to pay off her debt, initially it seems as though she is ridiculously shallow. Torvald is of a similar impression and treats her as though she is a child begging for a new toy. His nicknames for her are as immature as he believes her to be. 


"It’s a sweet little spendthrift, but she uses up a deal of money. One would hardly believe how expensive such little persons are!" 


This is a line of Torvald's from early on in Act I and it is just one of many occasions where he playfully chides Nora for her supposed greediness. Shortly after, he accuses Nora of buying and eating sweets while she was shopping and continues to insult her intelligence with more ridiculous nicknames. He appears to heavily disapprove of her eating anything unhealthy without his permission, yet again proving that he thinks of her as a child rather than his wife.

Monday, April 25, 2016

"Social inequality is the elephant in the room strangling us all." Please explain what this means.

The phrase "the elephant in the room" is used to describe things or situations which people don't want to talk about but is difficult to ignore. Social inequality is certainly one of those structures which many people don't like discussing or see as a fact of life which cannot be remedied. As little as people may desire to talk about social inequality, it still exists, and will most likely get worse the longer we try...

The phrase "the elephant in the room" is used to describe things or situations which people don't want to talk about but is difficult to ignore. Social inequality is certainly one of those structures which many people don't like discussing or see as a fact of life which cannot be remedied. As little as people may desire to talk about social inequality, it still exists, and will most likely get worse the longer we try to ignore it.


Saying that the "elephant" of social inequality is strangling us alludes to the constraints social inequality places on "us" as members of a society. For many, there are damaging limitations and obligations. People at the bottom of a social hierarchy typically have roles and lifestyles entirely intended to benefit the upper class(es) while reproducing their own poverty or low social status. A common cycle of entrapment for low socioeconomic status people is that they have grown up in a low-income home and cannot afford to attend university or receive training which might earn them a higher-paying job. Being of a low socioeconomic status contributes to poor health and higher rates of stress, which take a hard toll on a person's body and can further limit social or economic mobility.


Social inequality which thrives when the labor and lives of certain people are devalued perpetuates a life cycle where poverty begets poverty. The upper classes are reliant upon the lower classes to perform duties they don't want to do. In this way, the upper classes are also strangled by the elephant of social inequality.


This quote about whether the elephant in the room is strangling us has  been used to create discourse about social inequality in Australia and around the world. 

In The Giver, what happens to the apple when Jonas throws it to Asher?

In The Giver, Jonas and Asher are tossing an apple back and forth during recreation period. While they are playing catch with the apple, Jonas notices that the apple seems to have somehow changed, right in mid-air. He catches the apple, examines it closely, and finds absolutely nothing different about it.  But this apparent change happens four more times. What Jonas does not understand is that the apple has not changed at all, but...

In The Giver, Jonas and Asher are tossing an apple back and forth during recreation period. While they are playing catch with the apple, Jonas notices that the apple seems to have somehow changed, right in mid-air. He catches the apple, examines it closely, and finds absolutely nothing different about it.  But this apparent change happens four more times. What Jonas does not understand is that the apple has not changed at all, but that his ability to see the apple clearly has changed. He is developing the ability to see colors, with red being the first color he is able to see.  This is a fleeting ability at this point in the book, as evidenced by the change not being constant. And of course, Jonas has no vocabulary or conceptual understanding to talk about or even think about this change because the ability to see color has been taken away from the entire community, and he has never seen a color before.  (I imagine this as being like living in a world that resembles black and white photography.)  Until the Giver explains color to Jonas and begins to share more colors, Jonas is unable to understand what is happening to him.  Color is a symbol in the story of the beauty in life that has been taken away from the community, all in the interests of sameness and conformity. 

What are three direct quotes from To Kill A Mockingbird that can demonstrate how Boo Radley is a "mockingbird" in the story?

In addition to leaving them gifts in the tree, Boo was helpful to Jem and Scout several times.

According to Miss Maudie, mockingbirds never bring harm to anyone.  They are innocent, and just bring joy to the people around them rather than being parasitic.  Miss Maudie’s praise of mockingbirds results from Atticus’s admonition to his children that they can shoot at other birds, but never a mockingbird.


Boo Radley is the mockingbird of the story because he is the target of gossip and ridicule, but he never does anything to harm anyone.  He is just a shy, reclusive man who made some bad choices when he was younger and paid the price the rest of his life.  The children learn that Boo is not a scary monster.  He is actually a good friend.


The first instance of Boo being a good friend is the incident with Jem’s pants.  Dill was convinced that if Boo Radley just came out and sat on the porch to eat some ice cream, he would feel better.  He and Jem tried to get Boo to come out, wanting to leave a note for him.  Jem lost his pants during the incident, getting them caught on the fence.  When he went to return to them that night, he discovered that someone had not only extricated them from the fence, but also made a crude attempt at sewing them up.



They’d been sewed up. Not like a lady sewed ‘em, like somethin’ I’d try to do.


All crooked. It’s almost like—”


“—somebody knew you were comin‘ back for ’em.” (Ch. 7)



Jem is somewhat baffled by this development, and it enhances his understanding of Arthur “Boo” Radley.  Boo did not want Jem to get into trouble for losing the pants or ripping them.  Far from being the neighborhood monster Jem made him out to be, Boo was actually acting like a friend.


When the entire town of Maycomb turned out to help Miss Maudie with her fire, Boo was too shy to help put out the fire or save furniture.  But what he did do was incredibly sweet.  After the fire, the family noticed a blanket draped across Scout’s shoulders.  She had no recollection of it being put there, so enraptured by the fire was she.  Boo snuck up behind her to give her the blanket, a friendly gesture that she didn’t even know about until later.



“…Someday, maybe, Scout can thank him for covering her up.”


“Thank who?” I asked.


“Boo Radley. You were so busy looking at the fire you didn’t know it when he put the blanket around you.” (Ch. 8)



Jem was immediately concerned that Atticus would return the blanket and get Boo in trouble.  He tried to explain to Atticus everything at once, to help him understand that Boo was their secret friend.  Atticus was able to appreciate the delicacy of the situation and understand that the childlike Boo’s brother would not be pleased to learn he had been at the fire.


A final instance of Boo’s helping the children was the most important.  After the trial, Bob Ewell blamed Atticus for making a fool of him and airing out all of his family business.  He targeted Scout and Jem, attempting to attack them at night on Halloween.  Boo rescued them, killing Bob in the process.


The sheriff Heck Tate and Atticus decided not to tell anyone what Boo had done.  When Atticus asked Scout if she understood, she made a connection between Boo and Atticus’s earlier advice.



“Yes sir, I understand,” I reassured him. “Mr. Tate was right.”


Atticus disengaged himself and looked at me. “What do you mean?”


“Well, it’d be sort of like shootin‘ a mockingbird, wouldn’t it?” (Ch. 30)



Scout understood that the notoriety that Boo would get from having saved the children would be too much for him.  He was shy and sensitive, and just wanted to lurk in the shadows and the background of their lives.  Scout made sure he understood that she was grateful for what he had done.

Sunday, April 24, 2016

In To Kill a Mockingbird why are Jem and Scout embarrassed about their father in chapter ten?

Scout the narrator opens Chapter 10 of To Kill a Mockingbird by describing Atticus as old and feeble:


Atticus was feeble: he was nearly fifty. When Jem and I asked him why he was so old, he said he got started late, which we felt reflected upon his abilities and manliness. (Ch. 10)


In other words, Scout and Jem are embarrassedby the fact that Atticus is older than the fathers of other kids...

Scout the narrator opens Chapter 10 of To Kill a Mockingbird by describing Atticus as old and feeble:



Atticus was feeble: he was nearly fifty. When Jem and I asked him why he was so old, he said he got started late, which we felt reflected upon his abilities and manliness. (Ch. 10)



In other words, Scout and Jem are embarrassed by the fact that Atticus is older than the fathers of other kids their age and feel he is feeble because of his age.

In their eyes, Atticus's feebleness is revealed in many ways. First, Atticus is unable to play football with Jem, which severely disappoints Jem since he loves football so much. Atticus is able to play keep-away, but whenever asked to play tackle football, Atticus replies, "I'm too old for that, son." Second, Scout feels his feebleness is reflected in his boring job. In Scout's eyes, Atticus doesn't do anything interesting like "drive a dump-truck for the county," be a sheriff, a farmer, or work in a garage. All Atticus does is work in an office, which is not "anything that could possibly arouse the admiration of anyone."

However, as the chapter progresses, the children soon learn Atticus has talents he keeps secret, such as excellent marksmanship. As the novel progresses, the children learn just how admirable Atticus's job as a lawyer truly can be.

What is the archetypal setting in Ethan Frome by Edith Wharton.

The literal definition of the word “archetype” is “prime example” or the “original form” of something.  When applied to literature, an archetypal character, an archetypal symbol, or setting, is meant to represent a universal idea that is going to be expanded centrally in the plot.

Swiss psychiatrist, and the founder of the school of analytical psychology, Carl Jung, was the first to apply this terminology to literature. His premise was that there are “universal patterns” of representation that apply to people, places, and things. These universal patterns consistently repeat from plot to plot in literature, and audiences are also consistently attracted and connected to these archetypes.


For example, the image of “the hero,” the most important of all archetypes, conjures almost universally similar images across cultures and generations despite of their differences. The image of another archetype, “the anti-hero,” causes the same universal effects for its type.


As stated, there are also archetypes for settings. These are key places that elicit specific imagery and emotions in the readers. Archetypal settings range from the peaceful and plentiful “garden”-type setting, to the barren and desolate wasteland.


In the case of this particular novel, the town of Starkfield reunites all the descriptors that befit the archetypal setting known as “The Wasteland.”


The opposite of “The Garden,” an archetype that elicits Paradise, “The Wasteland” is a place of loneliness and desolation. In this setting, there is also despair, sadness, desperation, isolation, and remoteness.


Notice how Ethan’s life, which is already limited and filled with dead dreams, disillusion, and silence, is made worse by the environment that surrounds him.  Starkfield is described as “barren,”primarily, and “cold.” The winter seems to never stop, and drives people to make decisions out of desperation.  One of these decisions happened when Ethan asked Zeena to marry him for fear of living alone in the farm under those circumstances.  This even led Ethan, later on in life, to wonder if things had been different had his mother died in the spring, and not during winter.  


Some of the most common archetypes for setting also include:


“The Underworld:” Like in The Odyssey  and “The Wilderness (forest):” Central setting in The Scarlet Letter


Other archetypal settings follow the traits of the original (below), but may be differentiated to fit the plot. Regardless of their exact similarity to the original, they keep the premise of what the setting is meant to represent: a) The Crossroads, b) The Labyrinth, c) The Castle or, d) The Tower are some additional examples.

Saturday, April 23, 2016

In "The Poet at Seven" by Donald Justice, why does the boy want to go home if it appears he will be abused on the way home and at home? What is the...

The final lines do not suggest that the boy will be abused on the way home. Instead, he is hoping that someone who loves him will notice that he is missing, come and find him, and encourage him to come home. The fact that he wants someone to "whip him down the street, but gently,home," shows that he wants to be missed and fussed and worried over, and that -- when someone notices that...

The final lines do not suggest that the boy will be abused on the way home. Instead, he is hoping that someone who loves him will notice that he is missing, come and find him, and encourage him to come home. The fact that he wants someone to "whip him down the street, but gently, home," shows that he wants to be missed and fussed and worried over, and that -- when someone notices that he is missing and begins to worry about him -- this heightened emotion might translate into a bit of anger at him when he is found. However, this heightened emotion would only really be indicative of how nervous and upset that "someone dear" was when they realized that it was late and he was not at home. It would show how much that "dear" one cares about him.


I think, ultimately, his desire shows his wish to be wanted, to feel important. If we isolate the final words in the couplet -- "come" and "home" -- they can be strung together to form the imperative statement, "come home," and this meaning would likely register with readers as a caring statement. When someone tells us to "come home," it is usually because we are missed, that our presence is desired. Children are used to being told to "come home" at night by their parents, but it doesn't sound as if this boy is. The fact that he's alone, at night, out of his house, makes me think that his friends have all been called home. He has not been called home, and he wishes that he would be. Thus, the poem becomes further inflected by his deep longing, conveyed already by the content of the final couplet but enriched, certainly, by the words on which the poet finally lands.

What is the tough, outer skeleton of an insect called?

The hard outer shell of an insect is called an exoskeleton. This is the opposite of the endoskeleton that is found in chordates.


The hardness of an insect’s exoskeleton results from a type of carbohydrate called chitin, which is also found in the cell walls of fungi. According to NC State University, the exoskeleton serves several purposes, which are identified below.


  • The primary purpose of an insect’s exoskeleton is protection. The insect’s organs are found...

The hard outer shell of an insect is called an exoskeleton. This is the opposite of the endoskeleton that is found in chordates.


The hardness of an insect’s exoskeleton results from a type of carbohydrate called chitin, which is also found in the cell walls of fungi. According to NC State University, the exoskeleton serves several purposes, which are identified below.


  • The primary purpose of an insect’s exoskeleton is protection. The insect’s organs are found inside the exoskeleton. These organs are soft and need to protected from external pressures and pathogens.

  • The muscles of an insect attach to the exoskeleton. Thus, the exoskeleton serves as the surface on which these muscles can pull and contract.

  • The exoskeleton of an insect prevents desiccation.

  • The exoskeleton of an insect serves as a “sensory interface with the environment”.

Who is Curley and why would he pick on Lennie?

In John Steinbeck's Of Mice and Men, Curley is the boss's son and is the novel's main antagonist. He is a "thin young man with a brown face, with brown eyes and a head of tightly curled hair." He is also small, seeing as he's a lightweight boxer and "hates big guys."


The last of the above features is why he hates and picks on Lennie. Candy describes Lennie this way to George: "Curley's...

In John Steinbeck's Of Mice and Men, Curley is the boss's son and is the novel's main antagonist. He is a "thin young man with a brown face, with brown eyes and a head of tightly curled hair." He is also small, seeing as he's a lightweight boxer and "hates big guys."


The last of the above features is why he hates and picks on Lennie. Candy describes Lennie this way to George: "Curley's like a lot of little guys ... He's alla time picking scraps with bigs guys. Kind of like he's mad at 'em because he ain't a big guy." And Lennie is a "huge man, shapeless of face, with large, pale eyes, with wide sloping shoulders." The narrator describes the way he walks like "the way a bear drags his paws."


So when Curley sees Lennie, he immediately dislikes him. Lennie, however, could never comprehend why Curley could hate him so much. But for Curley, he could pick on Lennie for two reasons: 1. He's the boss's son, and 2. fighting big guys is a no-lose situation for him. Candy describes this desire to fight big guys this way: 



"S'pose Curley jumps a big guy an' licks him. Ever'body says what a game guy Curley is. And s'pose he does the same thing and gets licked. Then ever'body says the big guy oughtta pick on somebody his own size, and maybe they gang up on the big guy."



Unfortunately for Curley, Lennie is not the typical big guy. Instead, when Lennie catches Curley's attempted punch, he completely crushes his hand.

Thursday, April 21, 2016

Critically analyze the uniqueness of Sylvia Plath in the poems "Mirror" and "Morning Song."

In the poems "Mirror" and "Morning Song," the most obvious sign of Sylvia Plath's uniqueness is found in her nearly uncomfortable level of honesty in portraying the inner life of a woman. "Mirror" was first published in the posthumous collection entitled Crossing the Water (1971) and a note in the front-matter indicates that it was likely written in 1960 or 1961. “Morning Song” was also published posthumously in Plath’s most famous poetry collection, Ariel,...

In the poems "Mirror" and "Morning Song," the most obvious sign of Sylvia Plath's uniqueness is found in her nearly uncomfortable level of honesty in portraying the inner life of a woman. "Mirror" was first published in the posthumous collection entitled Crossing the Water (1971) and a note in the front-matter indicates that it was likely written in 1960 or 1961. “Morning Song” was also published posthumously in Plath’s most famous poetry collection, Ariel, in 1965. 


“Mirror” is a first-person-voiced poem that describes what the mirror “sees” day in and day out without using very emotional terms. The mirror describes itself as “not cruel, only truthful,” and although the tone is one of fact-reporting without judgment, the mirror’s description of the woman who owns it warrants sympathy. The fact that the mirror offers none makes it seem cruel. Even though personification is a common literary tool, there is something about Plath’s creation of distance between the mirror’s observations and the mirror’s self-perception that is downright eerie. Plath also uses the personification of the mirror to subtly suggest some level of judgment (outside or societal, perhaps) cast upon women as they get older, or don’t “age well." The woman observing herself in the mirror is clearly distraught as she gets older. 


“Morning Song” is honestly the most unique poem I have ever encountered about childbirth and nursing a newborn and all of the emotions that go along with that. Plath’s expressions toward (presumably) her daughter Frieda are somewhat hostile, which is not how people expect a new mother to feel about her baby. She claims, “I’m no more your mother / Than the cloud that distills a mirror. . .” and describes herself as “cow-heavy and floral / In my Victorian nightgown.” These lines are admissions that many new mothers can probably relate to, but rarely dare to put words to. The fact that Plath was brave enough to do so in a time when talking about these things was only just becoming acceptable is extremely unique.

In "The Sniper" by O'Flaherty, how does the author show the theme using literary devices?

The sniper's arm has been hit. After dealing with the turret soldier and the old woman (informer), he comes up with a plan to trick the enemy sniper. The plan works. As the sniper prepares to take out his enemy, he feels the pain in his arm. The author uses a simile to describe it.


The distance was about fifty yards—a hard shot in the dim light, and his right arm was paining him like...

The sniper's arm has been hit. After dealing with the turret soldier and the old woman (informer), he comes up with a plan to trick the enemy sniper. The plan works. As the sniper prepares to take out his enemy, he feels the pain in his arm. The author uses a simile to describe it.



The distance was about fifty yards—a hard shot in the dim light, and his right arm was paining him like a thousand devils.



The pain is "like a thousand devils." He could have said "like a thousand pins," but he invokes devils and this suggests something evil. The pain is evil. The pain is punishment for the sniper's sins. Every wound and every death in this war is tainted with some sense of evil. Any of these are valid interpretations of the simile.


After killing his enemy, the sniper is bitten by remorse. He throws down his revolver in disgust, it goes off, and he comes back to his soldierly senses. 



Taking the whiskey flask from his pocket, he emptied it a drought. He felt reckless under the influence of the spirit. 



Note the pun on "spirit." It describes the whiskey as well as the idea of being influenced by some spirit. In this case, this might be another suggestion of a devilish spirit, something that gives him that "cold gleam of the fanatic."


This simile and this pun both suggest the element of evil. It is something that emerges in war. The physical (and emotional) pain of experiencing war invokes "devils." To become "used to looking at death," the sniper must desensitize himself, as if he's been under the influence of a "spirit."

What do you know about Boo Radley and his family from Chapter 1 of To Kill a Mockingbird?

In Chapter 1, Scout narrates that "a malevolent phantom" dwells in the Radley place. The history of this "haint" is obtained from the "neighborhood legend."


When the younger Radley boy named Arthur was in his teens, he began to associate with some of the Cunninghams from Old Sarum, a large clan from the northern part of Maycomb County. Although they were considered something like a gang, they really did little damage. Nevertheless, pastors warned their...

In Chapter 1, Scout narrates that "a malevolent phantom" dwells in the Radley place. The history of this "haint" is obtained from the "neighborhood legend."


When the younger Radley boy named Arthur was in his teens, he began to associate with some of the Cunninghams from Old Sarum, a large clan from the northern part of Maycomb County. Although they were considered something like a gang, they really did little damage. Nevertheless, pastors warned their youth about this infamous group of delinquents who attended dances at the county's "riverside gambling hell." Sometimes they made moonshine.


One night when the young men were in "high spirits," the boys drove around the square. When the beadle, old Mr. Conner, attempted to arrest them, they resisted. However, Mr. Conner knew all their names, so they were summoned to come before the probate judge on charges of disorderly conduct, disturbing the peace, assault and battery, and profane and abusive language in front of a woman. 
As a sentence for the boys, the judge ruled that they would have to go to the state industrial school, a school to which some poor boys were sent merely to provide them with food and shelter. Therefore, this school was not a prison, and it was not disgraceful to be sent there. However, Mr. Radley felt that it was, so he requested that Arthur be released to him with the promise that his son would cause no further trouble. The judge gladly did this as he knew Mr. Radley's word was always good.


However, the judge did not realize that Arthur's punishment was far worse than that of the other boys, who obtained a very good secondary education. For the doors of the Radley house remained closed for fifteen years for Arthur. One day, according to the neighborhood gossip, Miss Stephanie Crawford, Boo was in the living room cutting some articles from the local newspaper; as his father passed him, Boo supposedly drove his scissors into his father's leg. When Mr. Radley ran outside, he screamed that Arthur was trying to kill everyone in the house. However, when the sheriff arrived, Arthur was calmly cutting up the newspaper. Still, the sheriff took Boo to jail and locked him in the courthouse basement so he would be apart from the prisoners. After months passed, Mr. Radley finally allowed Boo to come home, where he was made a prisoner of his own home.

According to Jem, what four kinds of folks are there in To Kill a Mockingbird?

Jem says there are ordinary folks, people like the Cunninghams and Ewells and Negroes.


Part of growing up is learning how the world works.  After the trial, Jem decides that he was worked out the class system in Maycomb that defines the level of power each person has.


There’s four kinds of folks in the world. There’s the ordinary kind like us and the neighbors, there’s the kind like the Cunninghams out in the woods,...

Jem says there are ordinary folks, people like the Cunninghams and Ewells and Negroes.


Part of growing up is learning how the world works.  After the trial, Jem decides that he was worked out the class system in Maycomb that defines the level of power each person has.



There’s four kinds of folks in the world. There’s the ordinary kind like us and the neighbors, there’s the kind like the Cunninghams out in the woods, the kind like the Ewells down at the dump, and the Negroes.” (Ch. 23)



By “ordinary” he means people of the middle and upper class of Maycomb who have enough money to live comfortably and avoid the contempt of the rest of society.  The Finches are part of this group, an old family.  The Cunninghams are also white, but they are poor yet respectable farmers.  This leaves the Ewells on the lowest ladder of the white people.



They were people, but they lived like animals. “They can go to school any time they want to, when they show the faintest symptom of wanting an education,” said Atticus. “There are ways of keeping them in school by force, but it’s silly to force people like the Ewells into a new environment-” (Ch. 3)



The Ewells are the cause of the problem with the trial.  They consider themselves superior to African Americans like Tom Robinson, even though they are the lowest rung on Maycomb’s ladder.  Just being white makes them superior to even the most dignified African American.


Scout comments that the Cunninghams are superior to the Ewells, because Walter is "not trash."  This is an understanding of the difference between working for a living like the farmer Cunninghams and living off of welfare and hunting like the Ewells.  The Cunninghams make an attempt to be a part of society, but the Ewells don't.

Wednesday, April 20, 2016

What is the evidence of education in Jane Eyre?

Education is a theme throughout Jane Eyre.  When Jane was a girl, she was sent away to Lowood School.  It was a strict religious charity school for orphaned girls.  Jane received an education there under the rigid and cold instruction of the teachers and Mr. Brocklehurst, a minister in charge of the school.  Despite the challenges of Lowood School, Jane excelled and eventually became a teacher there.  She taught for two years.  Eager for a new experience, Jane took a position as a private governess to a young girl.  She left Lowood School to move to Thornfield.  Mrs. Fairfax, the housekeeper at Thornfield, described Jane as a "kind and careful teacher" to her young pupil.  

Later, Jane left Thornfield and found her cousins, St. John, Diana, and Mary. Diana and Mary soon had to leave to earn a living as governesses.  St. John asked Jane to take a position as a schoolmistress at the parish school for girls.  St. John thought that Jane would scoff at such a position, but she was eager to take it.  He told her that it was only a "'village school'" and that her pupils would "'be only poor girls... at the best, farmers’ daughters.'"  He worried that she would think such a position to be below her, because she would only be teaching "knitting, sewing, reading, writing, [and] ciphering."  Jane told him that she was not an ambitious person.


Education is important in Jane Eyre.  Much of Jane's childhood takes place at Lowood School.  Later, she becomes a teacher there, at Thornfield, and at the village school.  Her cousins, Mary and Diana, are also governesses.  Jane clearly loves teaching and learning.  She is a good and devoted teacher and she values education.

What are some aphorisms in "The Night Thoreau Spent in Jail"?

An aphorism is a wise saying or a maxim. Such quotes often include a bit of wordplay, and they always make us think. Thoreau is one of the most quoted American authors, and his writing is peppered with aphorisms. The authors of “The Night Thoreau Spent in Jail” included quite a few of them in his character’s dialogue here. They include:



I’m myself, Mother. If I’m not, who will be?


Let every sheep keep his...


An aphorism is a wise saying or a maxim. Such quotes often include a bit of wordplay, and they always make us think. Thoreau is one of the most quoted American authors, and his writing is peppered with aphorisms. The authors of “The Night Thoreau Spent in Jail” included quite a few of them in his character’s dialogue here. They include:



I’m myself, Mother. If I’m not, who will be?


Let every sheep keep his own skin.


If I ever met a man who was completely awake, how could I look him in the face?


A man’s conviction is stronger than a flame or a bullet or a rock.


Being a teacher is like being in jail: once it’s on your record, you can never get rid of it.


The only people who ever get anyplace interesting are the people who get lost.


What’s the use of a house if you haven’t got a tolerable planet to put it on?


Thank God men haven’t learned to fly: they’d lay waste the sky as well as the earth …



And these are just examples from the first half of Act One.

Tuesday, April 19, 2016

What is George Nipping's testimony in Monster?

George Nipping is one of the witnesses for the defense. He is specifically called to defend James King (remember, even though Steve and King are being tried together, their fates will be decided separately of one another and their defense lawyers are working separately too – and sometimes against one another).


During his testimony, George Nipping claims that he once sold King a baseball glove that was for a left-handed person. Steve asks Petrocelli what that...

George Nipping is one of the witnesses for the defense. He is specifically called to defend James King (remember, even though Steve and King are being tried together, their fates will be decided separately of one another and their defense lawyers are working separately too – and sometimes against one another).


During his testimony, George Nipping claims that he once sold King a baseball glove that was for a left-handed person. Steve asks Petrocelli what that testimony is all about and she explains that, since the gunshot wound was on the left side of the body, Briggs is trying to make the defense that it couldn't have been done by the left-handed James King. She adds that it is not a very strong defense. 


Petrocelli cross-examines him and, unsurprisingly, knocks down his argument by saying that, having never seen King shoot a gun, Nipping couldn't know how he would do it. 

In "The Monkey's Paw" where does the setting create suspense?

The setting creates suspense because the weather is stormy and the house is isolated.


Suspense is the feeling that something is about to happen.  Usually it means that something exciting or something bad is happening.  The author creates suspense by setting the story on a stormy night.  He also incorporates a chess game, which is a metaphor for suspense, because chess is a suspenseful game.


Without, the night was cold and wet, but in the...

The setting creates suspense because the weather is stormy and the house is isolated.


Suspense is the feeling that something is about to happen.  Usually it means that something exciting or something bad is happening.  The author creates suspense by setting the story on a stormy night.  He also incorporates a chess game, which is a metaphor for suspense, because chess is a suspenseful game.



Without, the night was cold and wet, but in the small parlour of Laburnam Villa the blinds were drawn and the fire burned brightly. Father and son were at chess, the former, who possessed ideas about the game involving radical changes …



The house is also isolated.  We are told that there are not a lot of neighbors around.  When a mysterious stranger shows up late at night, Mr. White's old friend, this only adds to the suspense.



"That's the worst of living so far out … of all the beastly, slushy, out-of-the-way places to live in, this is the worst. Pathway's a bog, and the road's a torrent. I don't know what people are thinking about. I suppose because only two houses in the road are let, they think it doesn't matter."



The setting is suspenseful because the reader is used to expecting something bad to happen on a spooky, rainy night.  Since we are told that the Whites do not have many neighbors, this just contributes to the effect.


Something does happen when Sergeant-Major Morris arrives with the monkey’s paw.  We are told that it is dangerous, even deadly, but the Whites are only curious.  Drawn in by the paw’s promise of magic, they test it out by wishing for money.  They do not heed Morris’s warning, leading the reader to believe that something bad is going to happen because, after all, it is a dark and stormy night!

Why do Sam and Bill need money in "The Ransom of Red Chief"?

Sam and Bill are con artists. They are thieves and kidnappers as well, as this story will show. They have six hundred dollars with them at the beginning of the story. They figure that they need two thousand more in order to pull off another scam in which they will defraud people of more money: 


Bill and me had a joint capital of about six hundred dollars, and we needed just two thousand dollars more...

Sam and Bill are con artists. They are thieves and kidnappers as well, as this story will show. They have six hundred dollars with them at the beginning of the story. They figure that they need two thousand more in order to pull off another scam in which they will defraud people of more money: 



Bill and me had a joint capital of about six hundred dollars, and we needed just two thousand dollars more to pull off a fraudulent town-lot scheme in Western Illinois with. 



Sam never tells us (the reader) what the town-lot scheme is. However, given that these guys are con artists, thieves, and essentially professional criminals, it would probably have something to do with selling lots that do not belong to them. It may be a case where a new town is in development and a financier or the government (state or federal) is selling the plots in what will be the new town. Knowing where and when this would happen (Western Illinois, for example), Sam and Bill could go there before the real administrators get there. They could pose as the sellers, sell plots of land to people intending to move there, and then leave with the money before the real sellers get there. This is an example of a "town-lot scheme" and is a possible scenario of what Sam is talking about.

Why are the Japanese, in Hitler's theories, a "culture-bearing" rather than a "culture-creating" people?

In Mein Kampf Hitler puts forward a fairly crude tripartite hierarchy of races. At the top of the pile are the Aryans, what he refers to as the "culture-creators:" the superior race responsible for every great work of art, every scientific and technological advance. Beneath the Aryans are the so-called "culture-bearing" races. According to Hitler, they are incapable of creating anything of lasting importance; however, they do have the ability to adopt and assimilate aspects...

In Mein Kampf Hitler puts forward a fairly crude tripartite hierarchy of races. At the top of the pile are the Aryans, what he refers to as the "culture-creators:" the superior race responsible for every great work of art, every scientific and technological advance. Beneath the Aryans are the so-called "culture-bearing" races. According to Hitler, they are incapable of creating anything of lasting importance; however, they do have the ability to adopt and assimilate aspects of Aryan culture. He says the Japanese are one such example of this. Without the benefits of Aryan science and technology, the Japanese will sink back into their previously primitive state. As they lack the ability to create culture, they would lack the inspiration provided by the Aryans to develop and advance.


Nonetheless, Hitler pays tribute to the Japanese in relation to foreign policy. He credits them for making an alliance with the British in 1902. This gave them the backing of a powerful European ally, which enabled them to successfully defeat the Russian Empire two years later. Hitler contrasts the conduct of the Japanese with what he regards as the stupidity of the Germans in allying themselves with the decaying, multi-ethnic Austro-Hungarian Empire. Had the Germans showed the same foreign policy nous as the Japanese, then the First World War could well have been avoided.


Hitler's recognition that the Japanese, though still only a culture-bearing race, had positive qualities nonetheless, undoubtedly played a part in his decision to ally the Third Reich with Japan in the wake of Pearl Harbor. Though Nazi ideology regarded the Japanese as racially inferior to white Americans, we can at least explain the rationale behind Hitler's decision to declare war on the United States. The Japanese, though considered inferior, could help the Germans to achieve its geopolitical goals, especially in relation to its projected conquest of Russia.


What this indicates, among other things, is that Nazism's racial categories were not so rigid that they could not be adapted to the changing circumstances and necessities of war.

What are the reasons why Tybalt hates Romeo in Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet?

Tybalt is a Capulet and the cousin of Juliet in Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet. Romeo is a Montague and, for a reason never given, the two families are embroiled in a bitter feud which often spills over into the streets of Verona. In Act I, Scene 1, Tybalt expresses his hatred for the Montagues when he confronts Romeo's cousin Benvolio after a disagreement among Montague and Capulet servants. Tybalt says,


What, drawn and...

Tybalt is a Capulet and the cousin of Juliet in Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet. Romeo is a Montague and, for a reason never given, the two families are embroiled in a bitter feud which often spills over into the streets of Verona. In Act I, Scene 1, Tybalt expresses his hatred for the Montagues when he confronts Romeo's cousin Benvolio after a disagreement among Montague and Capulet servants. Tybalt says,




What, drawn and talk of peace? I hate the word
As I hate hell, all Montagues, and thee.
Have at thee, coward!



At Capulet's party later in Act I, Tybalt overhears Romeo speaking. Romeo, Benvolio and Mercutio have crashed the party and are wearing masks to hide their identities. Tybalt is enraged that a Montague would have the temerity to intrude on a gathering held by their enemy. Tybalt intends to confront Romeo when Capulet, who doesn't want his party spoiled, stops him. Tybalt is not to be put off and vows to get revenge. He says in Act I, Scene 5,





Patience perforce with willful choler meeting
Makes my flesh tremble in their different greeting.
I will withdraw, but this intrusion shall,
Now seeming sweet, convert to bitt’rest gall.





Tybalt sends a letter to Romeo challenging him. When they meet, in Act III, Scene 1, Tybalt is ready to fight. He says,





Romeo, the love I bear thee can afford
No better term than this: thou art a villain.





In a case of dramatic irony, Tybalt doesn't know that Romeo has, a few hours earlier, married Juliet and is know his in-law. Romeo tries to avoid the fight by telling Tybalt he actually loves him. Romeo says,





I do protest I never injured thee
But love thee better than thou canst devise
Till thou shalt know the reason of my love.
And so, good Capulet, which name I tender
As dearly as mine own, be satisfied.





Mercutio, who also doesn't know Romeo's motives, hates that his friend has backed down and he fights Tybalt in his place. When Romeo tries to break up the fight, Mercutio is stabbed and dies. Romeo then becomes "fortune's fool" and seeks revenge. He kills Tybalt, and the remainder of the play plunges Romeo and Juliet toward their final tragedy. 











Monday, April 18, 2016

"The Interlopers" How does the natural setting, particularly the fallen tree, affect Ulrich and Georg?

The setting plays a key role in this story. The feud between the two families is over a narrow piece of land. So, part of the setting itself is the subject of the feud. This is a piece of land that Georg's and Ulrich's families have fought over for generations.


It is cold (winter) and the land is located in the Carpathian Mountains. This harsh outdoor setting suggests that nature is unforgiving and/or indifferent to...

The setting plays a key role in this story. The feud between the two families is over a narrow piece of land. So, part of the setting itself is the subject of the feud. This is a piece of land that Georg's and Ulrich's families have fought over for generations.


It is cold (winter) and the land is located in the Carpathian Mountains. This harsh outdoor setting suggests that nature is unforgiving and/or indifferent to man/men and their concerns. This is a symbolic foreshadowing because the conflict will shift from "man vs. man" to "men vs. nature." 


When lightning strikes and the tree falls, pinning the men, it would seem that nature has fortuitously intervened and prevented one man from killing the other. However, this is just a random act of nature. There is no suggestion that this was divine intervention nor is there any hint that nature is acting in some benevolent way to transform this feud into a reconciliation. 



In the cold, gloomy forest, with the wind tearing in fitful gusts through the naked branches and whistling round the tree trunks, they lay and waited for the help that would now bring release and succor to both parties. 



Now that the men have become friends, the narrator once again focuses on how potentially dangerous nature is. In the end, the men are once again subject to the dangers of nature when they are spotted by the wolves. Prior to this reconciliation, the men mostly had to fear one another. Following their truce, nature becomes their primary enemy and concern. 

How does Jem describe the social hierarchy in Maycomb in Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird?

Jem tells Scout that there are “four kinds of folks” in Maycomb based on class and race. 


The trial’s outcome came as a bit of a shock to Jem.  He was expecting a verdict of “not guilty,” because he believed that Atticus proved Tom Robinson innocent.  When Aunt Alexandra tells Scout that Walter Cunningham is “trash,” Scout is offended.  Jem tells her he understands. 


“… I’ve got it all figured out, now. I’ve thought...

Jem tells Scout that there are “four kinds of folks” in Maycomb based on class and race. 


The trial’s outcome came as a bit of a shock to Jem.  He was expecting a verdict of “not guilty,” because he believed that Atticus proved Tom Robinson innocent.  When Aunt Alexandra tells Scout that Walter Cunningham is “trash,” Scout is offended.  Jem tells her he understands. 



“… I’ve got it all figured out, now. I’ve thought about it a lot lately and I’ve got it figured out. There’s four kinds of folks in the world. There’s the ordinary kind like us and the neighbors, there’s the kind like the Cunninghams out in the woods, the kind like the Ewells down at the dump, and the Negroes.” (Ch. 23)



To Jem, this social hierarchy is based on who can look down on whom.  The Cunninhams may not have much, but they are better than the Ewells. All the Ewells have is being able to look down on people like the Robinsons, who because of the color of their skin are considered inferior in Maycomb.


Scout is puzzled by the concept that the Finches are superior.  It is important to Aunt Alexandra.  It is not important to Atticus, but he tried to explain it to Scout and Jem to appease her.  She asks why the Cunninhams are not “Old Family” then.  Jem tells her they don’t count. 



“Background doesn’t mean Old Family,” said Jem. “I think it’s how long your family’s been readin‘ and writin’. Scout, I’ve studied this real hard and that’s the only reason I can think of. Somewhere along when the Finches were in Egypt one of ‘em must have learned a hieroglyphic or two and he taught his boy.” (Ch. 23)



The fact that the Finches are from an important family is meaningful to them because, as Jem says, it is all they have.   They do not have a fortune to go with the family name.  They may be respected, but all they have is respect.  They no longer have the power and money to go with the name.

Sunday, April 17, 2016

Which characters in The Great Gatsby are shallow? List and name reasons as to why they are shallow.

Shallow characters in Gatsby would potentially include the following:


Daisy Buchanan: She's concerned with money, constantly identified with money, and too shallow to come to Gatsby's funeral, even though Gatsby put his life on the line to protect her. She, along with Tom, retreats into "vast carelessness," leaving other people to clean up the mess. 


Tom Buchanan: He believes the racist drivel he reads, such as the Goddard's Rise of the Colored Empires, which Daisy...

Shallow characters in Gatsby would potentially include the following:


Daisy Buchanan: She's concerned with money, constantly identified with money, and too shallow to come to Gatsby's funeral, even though Gatsby put his life on the line to protect her. She, along with Tom, retreats into "vast carelessness," leaving other people to clean up the mess. 


Tom Buchanan: He believes the racist drivel he reads, such as the Goddard's Rise of the Colored Empires, which Daisy makes fun of, and he judges people as to whether they are "Nordic." He also doesn't seem to have the depth to realize how much he hurts Daisy with his affairs. Nick dismisses Tom, saying he reached such a "limited excellence" at 21 that everything afterward savored "of anticlimax."  


Myrtle Wilson: She surrounds herself with gossip magazines, a lap dog and an overfurnished apartment at Tom's expense--and she's willing to exchange sex with Tom, despite his brutality, for the stuff he gives her. 


All the people who come to Gatsby's parties and drink his champagne but who can't be bothered to attend his funeral. 


Jordan Baker: Possibly. She cheats at golf, and outside of golf seems to lead a largely aimless existence.


Nick Carraway: Possibly. He likes to be seen on the arm of a golf celebrity like Jordan, dislikes his girlfriend back home for the sweat that forms on her upper lip after tennis and doesn't have the self-awareness to realize he isn't as honest as would like to believe, but he rises to a lyrical intensity when it comes to appreciating Gatsby. 



What are the physical descriptions of Asher in The Giver?

Asher looks like everyone else in the community.

Most of the citizens of the community look alike.  We are not sure exactly what they look like, but we know that they have dark eyes and pink skin tones.  They all also dress alike and have the same "neatly trimmed" hair in a "manly short style which exposed their ears."  There is no color, so they all wear the same nondescript tunics and jackets.  For older children, the jackets button down the front.  Asher’s number is Four, so he was one of the first children in their year to be born.  This means he might be a little bigger than the other kids his age.


Asher is playful and clumsy.  He stands out from his community not by his looks, but by his personality. He mixes up words, drops balls, and gets distracted.  Jonas is concerned about what assignment he will get in the Ceremony of Twelve, since he does not seem to have an adult bone in his body.



"I worry a little about Asher's Assignment," Jonas confessed.  "Asher's such fun. But he doesn't really have any serious interests.  He makes a game out of everything." (Ch. 2)



His parents tell him that the elders know Asher, and that they will figure out what to do with him.  The community’s goal is to provide each child with an assignment that fits his or her personality.


In a community that demands conformity, Asher stands out.  Jonas stands out for physical reasons, because of his light eyes.  Asher, on the other hand, stands out because of his goofy behavior.  The community prefers for everyone to act properly and in a state of complete control.  Asher was beaten when he was younger for using the wrong words.  The experience traumatized him so much that he actually stopped talking for a period of time.


Jonas considers Asher’s behavior “lively foolishness.”  He does not take it seriously. Asher is chosen to be the Assistant Director of Recreation, so he can continue to play all of the time.  The job is a good fit.  After the assignments, Jonas and Asher are not as close.  No one really knows what to think of Jonas’s assignment.

I am trying to determine a reaction that will convert one substance into another for each step of this synthetic route. I need to a write...

This set of reactions will product the products specified in the question:


1. Copper is reacted with concentrated nitric acid to produce copper(II)nitrate:


`Cu + 4 HNO_3_(aq) -> Cu(NO_3)_2_(aq) + 2 H_2O_((l)) + 2 NO_2_(g)`


2. Aqueous copper nitrate is reacted with 3M sodium hydroxide, precipitating insoluble copper hydroxide:


` Cu(NO_3)_2_(aq) + 2 NaOH_(aq)-> Cu(OH)_2_((s)) + 2 NaNO3_((aq))`



3. The copper(II)hydroxide is heated to produce solid copper oxide:


` Cu(OH)_2_(s) -> CuO_((s)) + H_2O_((l))` 


...

This set of reactions will product the products specified in the question:


1. Copper is reacted with concentrated nitric acid to produce copper(II)nitrate:


`Cu + 4 HNO_3_(aq) -> Cu(NO_3)_2_(aq) + 2 H_2O_((l)) + 2 NO_2_(g)`


2. Aqueous copper nitrate is reacted with 3M sodium hydroxide, precipitating insoluble copper hydroxide:


` Cu(NO_3)_2_(aq) + 2 NaOH_(aq)-> Cu(OH)_2_((s)) + 2 NaNO3_((aq))`



3. The copper(II)hydroxide is heated to produce solid copper oxide:


` Cu(OH)_2_(s) -> CuO_((s)) + H_2O_((l))` 


4. The CuO is reacted with 6M sulfuric acid to produce aqueous copper sulfate:


`CuO_((s)) + H_2SO_4_(aq)-> CuSO_4_(aq) + H_2O_((l))`


These reactions are part of a copper cycle, in which start and end with copper metal. The cycle can be completed by reacting the copper sulfate with granular zinc to produce copper metal:


`CuSO_4_(aq) + Zn_(s)-> ZnSO_4_(aq) + Cu_((s))`


These are the simplest forms of the equations for the reactions that take place. The attached link gives you some more information about the chemistry of copper, including the complex ions present in solution in some of these reactions.

Compare and contrast Candy and Carlson in Of Mice and Men to form a statement about Steinbeck's message in the novella.

One way to contrast the characters of Carlson and Candy is to look at how these two characters align (or fail to align) with an impersonal and absolutist business sensibility that has little room for sentiment or friendship and that entirely accepts the realities of a competitive economy.

To some extent we can say Of Mice and Men is interested in highlighting the values implicit in a commercial system that benefits from keeping laborers from unifying and developing real social bonds. We can take Candy and Carlson as representations of two sides of this issue. (The substance of these two characters indicates the values inherent in the perspectives on each side.)


Carlson aligns himself rather completely with the status quo. He is a skilled ranch hand and his specialization gives him a somewhat elevated position on the ranch compared to the common laborers.



"Practical and down to earth, [Carlson] focuses on actions and doesn’t notice people’s feelings" .



Not only is Carlson unsentimental, as shown in his insistence that Candy's dog be put down (because it smells bad), but Carlson also sides with Curley in seeking Lennie's death at the end of the narrative.


Carlson does not possess the emotional sensitivity that Candy displays, as is made especially clear when he fails to understand why George would be bothered after he has had to shoot his only true friend.


Slim, a person with feelings, leads George away in the aftermath of the shooting while Curley and Carlson remain behind.



"Curley and Carlson looked after them. And Carlson said, 'Now what the hell ya suppose is eatin' them two guys?'"



The profound lack of understanding from Carlson shows him to be a character devoid of real emotion. What he possesses instead is a sense of self-interest that makes him similar to Curley, a figure also aligned with the status quo of life on the ranch that favors one class over another and that maintains divisions of class and race in the service of a discriminatory system of capital and labor.


In short, we can say that Carlson is a perfect fit in a competitive system in which he has an intrinsic advantage. 


Candy, in contrast, is a figure who is at a disadvantage in this system. He is no longer capable of doing hard labor on the ranch and his status is thus diminished. His low position is demonstrated when his one real possession is taken from him—his dog.


Candy is not happy with the status quo, as we see when he excitedly involves himself in a plan to buy land with George and Lennie. He wants to change things. He wants to live in a system of cooperation, where the competition of his current life is replaced by partnership.


This economic philosophy is matched by Candy's social tendencies. He is friendly and cares enough about others to stand up for them, as he does when he defends Lennie from Curley's wife.



"'You let this guy alone. Don't you do no messin' around with him.'"



Candy's sense of connection and emotional understanding are in direct opposition to Carlson's self-interested perfunctory sensibility.

Saturday, April 16, 2016

Why is death only related to men instead of having the death of any of the female figures in the play?

Riders to the Sea by  J. M. Synge is actually a relatively realistic play. Synge, at the urging of his friend William Butler Yeats, spent the summers from 1898 to 1903 staying in the Aran Islands off the west coast of Ireland. The play itself is loosely based on a story Synge heard about the drowning of a fisherman.


The reason why the men in the play die but the women survive is that the men...

Riders to the Sea by  J. M. Synge is actually a relatively realistic play. Synge, at the urging of his friend William Butler Yeats, spent the summers from 1898 to 1903 staying in the Aran Islands off the west coast of Ireland. The play itself is loosely based on a story Synge heard about the drowning of a fisherman.


The reason why the men in the play die but the women survive is that the men of the family were all engaged in fishing. They spent many hours every day in wooden boats in the rough and treacherous Atlantic Ocean, often taking great risks to bring in their catch out of economic necessity, and being shipwrecked or drowned. Maurya refers to this when she says:



There does be a power of young men floating round in the sea, and what way would they know if it was Michael they had, or another man like him ...



For women, the major danger was childbirth, but if they did manage to survive that, life at home taking care of livestock, cooking, sewing, and tending gardens was far safer than fishing. 

What were four of Christopher McCandless's actions/goals in Into the Wild?

The question, as it is stated, is asking two different things. Naming four of McCandless's actions is easy.  


  1. He ran away from his parents.

  2. He donated the rest of his college money.

  3. He went to Alaska.

  4. He canoed into Mexico.

Naming four of his goals is a much more difficult question. McCandless was not known for being a talker, and he kept a lot of things to himself. It's one of the frustrations that...

The question, as it is stated, is asking two different things. Naming four of McCandless's actions is easy.  


  1. He ran away from his parents.

  2. He donated the rest of his college money.

  3. He went to Alaska.

  4. He canoed into Mexico.

Naming four of his goals is a much more difficult question. McCandless was not known for being a talker, and he kept a lot of things to himself. It's one of the frustrations that his parents expressed about McCandless. They never could figure out what he wanted or why he did things the way that he did them.


One goal that I can for sure name is his desire to go to Alaska. Alex wrote about it in a letter to Ron, and several of the people that Krakauer interviewed confirmed McCandless's deep desire to get into the Alaskan wilderness.  



My friend, Wayne, wants me to stay working at the grain elevator through May and then go combining with him the entire summer, but I have my soul set entirely on my Alaskan Odyssey and hope to be on my way no later than April 15.



Another goal of McCandless' was to always seize the day. He didn't want to save anything for another day that he could do right then and there. It's a very romantic motif.  


Along the same lines as that romantic ideal was another goal of his. That goal was to live as simply as he possibly could. That's why McCandless would survive by eating only rice for weeks at a time or get a job long enough to earn enough money to get somewhere else. That mobility was another goal. He wanted to be able to go wherever he wanted to go whenever he wanted to go there.

Is Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre a feminist novel?

Feminism advocates that social, political, and all other rights should be equal between men and women. Bronte's Jane Eyre discusses many...