How does temperature affect diffusion?

As temperature increases, the rate of diffusion also increases.

Diffusion is a form of passive transport during which particles travel down a concentration gradient. In other words, particles travel from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Temperature is a measurement of the average kinetic energy of the particles that make up a substance. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. Thus, an increase in the temperature of a substance implies...

As temperature increases, the rate of diffusion also increases.

Diffusion is a form of passive transport during which particles travel down a concentration gradient. In other words, particles travel from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Temperature is a measurement of the average kinetic energy of the particles that make up a substance. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. Thus, an increase in the temperature of a substance implies that the average kinetic energy of the particles of the substance has increased. As the kinetic energy of the particles increases, the particles begin to move faster and more often. Thus, the rate at which the particles diffuse and move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration will also increase.    

How was Caesar killed? |

Various senators stab Caesar in the Capitol. The play’s opening scene foreshadows Caesar’s controversial standing. The commoners celebrate Caesar’s victory over Pompey, but several tribunes condemn them for being so fickle. Though they now rejoice over his defeat, the plebeians greatly admired Pompey when he was alive. The adulation of Caesar continues at the Feast of the Lupercal, where Marc Antony offers Caesar the crown three times.

Brutus, Cassius, and several other senators worry about...

Various senators stab Caesar in the Capitol. The play’s opening scene foreshadows Caesar’s controversial standing. The commoners celebrate Caesar’s victory over Pompey, but several tribunes condemn them for being so fickle. Though they now rejoice over his defeat, the plebeians greatly admired Pompey when he was alive. The adulation of Caesar continues at the Feast of the Lupercal, where Marc Antony offers Caesar the crown three times.

Brutus, Cassius, and several other senators worry about Caesar’s growing power. They conspire to assassinate him in the senate. Brutus, who is good friends with Caesar, justifies the murder on the principle that power corrupts. They must preempt Caesar’s power grab to preserve the Republic of Rome:

And therefore think him as a serpent's egg
Which, hatch'd, would, as his kind, grow mischievous,
And kill him in the shell.

Caesar wonders whether he should go to the Capitol on that fateful day. His wife Calpurnia has nightmares about his death, and there are “most horrid sights” in the streets. Several priests sacrifice an animal but cannot find its heart. However, conspirator Decius Brutus convinces Caesar that Calpurnia’s dreams are fortuitous, tempts him with the crown, and suggests he will be mocked if he exhibits weakness.

Caesar calls Calpurnia’s fears “foolish” and goes to the senate. He ignores the warning of a friend and refuses to pardon Metellus Cimber’s brother in an attempt to demonstrate strength. The conspirators kneel to him, but Caesar asserts that he is not changeable like other men but as “constant as the northern star.” The conspirators, including Brutus, stab Caesar until he falls, dying on his famous line, “Et tu, Brute! Then fall, Caesar.”

Denise rolls a number cube that has sides labeled 1 to 6 and then flips a coin.What Is the probability that she rolls an odd number and flips heads?

We assume that the number cube and the coin are fair (e.g. the probabilities for each of the numbers on the cube is 1/6 and the probability of heads on the coin is 1/2.)

The probability of rolling an odd number on the cube is 1/2. (There are three outcomes in the event space: {1,3,5}, while the sample space has 6 items. The probability is the number of items in the event space divided by...

We assume that the number cube and the coin are fair (e.g. the probabilities for each of the numbers on the cube is 1/6 and the probability of heads on the coin is 1/2.)

The probability of rolling an odd number on the cube is 1/2. (There are three outcomes in the event space: {1,3,5}, while the sample space has 6 items. The probability is the number of items in the event space divided by the number of items in the sample space or 3/6 which reduces to 1/2.

The probability of flipping heads is 1/2.

The probability of rolling an odd number and then flipping heads is (1/2)(1/2)=1/4 using the product principal.

The probability is 1/4 or .25

We could also list all of the possibilities: 1H  2H  3H  4H  5H  6H  1T  2T  3T  4T  5T  6T -- there are 12 items in the sample space. The event space is {1H,3H,5H}. Since there are 3 items in the event space, the probability is 3/12=1/4.

What is the critical analysis of "Lucy Gray"?

"Lucy Gray" is both a ballad, telling the story of the death of a young girl named Lucy Gray in verse form, and a meditation on death itself. The narrative or ballad is based on a story Wordsworth heard from his sister Dorothy of a little girl lost in a snowstorm. As Wordworth's idea in the Lyrical Ballads, the 1799 book of poetry in which this poem appeared, was to write about nature, the...

"Lucy Gray" is both a ballad, telling the story of the death of a young girl named Lucy Gray in verse form, and a meditation on death itself. The narrative or ballad is based on a story Wordsworth heard from his sister Dorothy of a little girl lost in a snowstorm. As Wordworth's idea in the Lyrical Ballads, the 1799 book of poetry in which this poem appeared, was to write about nature, the supernatural, and the common people in simple language, this poem was an ideal fit: in it Lucy, a solitary child of nature and daughter of ordinary folk, becomes a symbol of nature as well as a spirit that may roam the earth after death.

Children died often in this period, and in the nineteenth century their deaths were often the subject of poems. In this poem, by leaving the nature of Lucy's death somewhat mysterious—all we learn is her footsteps on a bridge suddenly stop on a "plank"—and by having "some maintain that to this day / she is a living child," the poet raises questions about the nature of death. Does some essence of a person's spirit get left behind after they die, especially if the person was as closely tied to nature as Lucy Gray? Do the villagers really see her "upon the lonesome wild" of the landscape or hear her voice in the wind, or is this only their imagination? The theme of imagination was especially important to the Romantic poets, and the poem implicitly appreciates the idea of remembering and imagining this little girl as part of the natural world. Further, the Romantics liked to explore the relationship of the soul to nature, and other writers, such as Emily Brontë, explore the theme of a person so tied to a natural spot that after death their soul stays on it. By recording that people still see and hear Lucy Gray, the poet argues that part of her remains behind after her death. Whether this is real or imaginary is up to the reader to decide.

Why does Squeaky dislike people who can do certain things better than she can?

In “Raymond’s Run,” by Toni Cade Bambara, Squeaky exhibits a dislike for people who can outperform her, especially when they pretend that they do not have to practice or work hard for their accomplishments. In essence, Squeaky has a disdain for phony people.

She is proud of the time and effort she invests in practicing to be the best runner in the neighborhood. She does not like when Cynthia Proctor pretends she does not have...

In “Raymond’s Run,” by Toni Cade Bambara, Squeaky exhibits a dislike for people who can outperform her, especially when they pretend that they do not have to practice or work hard for their accomplishments. In essence, Squeaky has a disdain for phony people.

She is proud of the time and effort she invests in practicing to be the best runner in the neighborhood. She does not like when Cynthia Proctor pretends she does not have to study for tests or says that Squeaky is lucky to get easy words during the spelling bees. Squeaky is aware she could stay up all night studying, and still not do as well. Cynthia puts on airs when a test is scheduled in school saying that she will “play handball” and “watch television," which Squeaky knows is not true. In music class, Cynthia pretends that she does not have to practice playing the piano but when Squeaky passes by her house, she is practicing her scales repeatedly.

Squeaky values people who are proud of the hard work and effort it takes to do something well.

What do you like about this poem? |

This question is asking for an opinion about Maya Angelou’s poem “Caged Bird.” This means you have to assess and analyze the poem to determine what you find appealing about it.

Personally, I enjoy Angelou’s use of vivid imagery when describing the free bird and the caged bird. When I read her descriptions of the birds, I can feel the carefree freedom of the free bird as it soars through the air. On the other...

This question is asking for an opinion about Maya Angelou’s poem “Caged Bird.” This means you have to assess and analyze the poem to determine what you find appealing about it.

Personally, I enjoy Angelou’s use of vivid imagery when describing the free bird and the caged bird. When I read her descriptions of the birds, I can feel the carefree freedom of the free bird as it soars through the air. On the other hand, I can feel the desperation of the caged bird as it paces with clipped wings in its cage. Because Maya Angelou is so masterful in her descriptions, I experience the breeze as the free bird “leaps on the back of the wind and floats downstream.” When the caged bird sings,in spite of its circumstances, I identify with its song, “for the caged bird sings of freedom.” The imagery evokes emotions within me.

Others might like the lyrical writing, or the message of the poem. Even though the question asks for an opinion, it is important to use the text to validate your choice.

Why can karyotyping only be carried out only when the cells about to divide?

In order to understand why karyotyping can only be done on cells that are about to divide, one must first understand what karyotyping is. Karyotyping is a technique used to visualize the chromosomes that are located within a single cell. This visualization allows scientists to examine the size, number, arrangement, and structure of the chromosomes present. This is important because karyotyping can then be used to look for specific genetic conditions, such as trisomy of...

In order to understand why karyotyping can only be done on cells that are about to divide, one must first understand what karyotyping is. Karyotyping is a technique used to visualize the chromosomes that are located within a single cell. This visualization allows scientists to examine the size, number, arrangement, and structure of the chromosomes present. This is important because karyotyping can then be used to look for specific genetic conditions, such as trisomy of a chromosome, or translocations of one part of a chromosome to another nonhomologus chromosome, both of which can lead to major physiological complications and consequences. The reason cells must be close to dividing for this technique to be used is because chromosomes are actually found as long thin structures in a non-dividing cell. These structures are to fine to be labeled and imaged. However when the cell is going through the replication process, these structures are wound into a tighter form that is large enough to be both labeled and visualized through microscopy. Typically, in a normal karyotyping test, scientists will analyze and compare the chromosome sets of at least 10 different cells to help confirm their findings. Hope this helps! 

How did the Europeans change the institution of slavery in africa ?

Although slavery had long been practiced in Africa before the arrival of the European slave trade, slavery in Africa by Africans had been mostly imposed on the losers of wars and territorial skirmishes, or to settle individual debts or disagreements between warring tribes. Slavery had not been widely used for strictly economic purposes, however. This all changed with the arrival of the European slavers, who used the indigenous slave traders, mostly from West and North...

Although slavery had long been practiced in Africa before the arrival of the European slave trade, slavery in Africa by Africans had been mostly imposed on the losers of wars and territorial skirmishes, or to settle individual debts or disagreements between warring tribes. Slavery had not been widely used for strictly economic purposes, however. This all changed with the arrival of the European slavers, who used the indigenous slave traders, mostly from West and North Africa, to kidnap men, women and children from other territories and sell them into bondage for the long, often deadly voyage to colonies in the West. 

Prior to the arrival of the European slave traders, slavery in Africa had not necessarily been a permanent state. As mentioned above, it was often a punishment or a way of settling a score with a rival tribe. Often it involved sexual slavery, with women bearing the brunt of the effects. It was certainly less systematic and organized than it would become with increased demand from British, French and Portuguese Colonies. 

Once the slave trade in Africa became part of the global Triangle Trade, African Slaves became a commodity and Africans who lived near the coasts started to see and hear about the fate that befell others who were sold into bondage. Many of those who hadn't already been kidnapped and sold into slavery fled from parts of the coasts where it was known that the brutal Slave Traders were active. This in turn pushed the African Slave Traders to go deeper into the continent to get procure more slaves for the increasing demand of plantation owners in the American Colonies, the Caribbean, and places like Brazil. The greater the demand grew, the more profitable the trade became and the more ruthless the methods of the African slave traders became. This vicious cycle tore apart the fabric of many African societies, and gutted many parts of the continent's most able-bodied populations. 

What is the poem "A Poison Tree" mainly about?

Blake's "The Poison Tree" from his Songs of Experience is about how nursing anger and hate corrodes our souls. The poem begins by stating that: 

I was angry with my friend/I told my wrath/My wrath did end.

In other words, its best to make a "clean breast" of our feelings.

However, most of the poem shows the narrator nursing a bitter grudge against an enemy. It describes how this hate, unconfessed, grows like a...

Blake's "The Poison Tree" from his Songs of Experience is about how nursing anger and hate corrodes our souls. The poem begins by stating that: 

I was angry with my friend/I told my wrath/My wrath did end.

In other words, its best to make a "clean breast" of our feelings.

However, most of the poem shows the narrator nursing a bitter grudge against an enemy. It describes how this hate, unconfessed, grows like a plant and takes over the narrator's soul. He waters his grudge with his "tears" and suns his hate with his "smiles" of deception towards his enemy, pretending to like him.

The hate bears fruit, an apple. At this point, we should think of the Garden of Eden and the apple that the hate-filled Satan offered Adam and Eve.

The narrator has become Satan, his soul to turned to evil. He tempts his enemy with the "apple bright" and like Eve, the enemy falls for it. As the initial apple brought death to Adam and Eve (eventually), so the eating of this apple kills the narrator's foe. 

In Shakespeare's The Tempest, how does Caliban act toward Prospero?

One of the most critically studied components of Shakespeare's The Tempest is the relationship between Caliban and Prospero. In general, Caliban's manner toward Prospero is hostile, and his actions toward the former Duke of Milan reflect this negative opinion.

Caliban has good reason to hate Prospero and criticize him. Prospero is the former Duke of Milan and lives in exile on the island after his throne was usurped by Antonio, his brother. The island was...

One of the most critically studied components of Shakespeare's The Tempest is the relationship between Caliban and Prospero. In general, Caliban's manner toward Prospero is hostile, and his actions toward the former Duke of Milan reflect this negative opinion.

Caliban has good reason to hate Prospero and criticize him. Prospero is the former Duke of Milan and lives in exile on the island after his throne was usurped by Antonio, his brother. The island was originally ruled by Sycorax, an "evil" witch overthrown by Prospero. Upon his ascendence to power, Prospero forced Sycorax's deformed and monstrous son, Caliban, into servitude. When the play opens, we see Caliban bitterly acting as Prospero's serving boy.

As one might expect, Caliban hates Prospero and makes no secret of his feelings. He curses Prospero in Act 1, Scene 2, saying, "all the charms/ Of Sycorax, toads, beetles, bats, light on you!" (339-40), and "you taught me language, and my profit on't/ Is, I know how to curse (363-4). Thus, in a nutshell, Caliban acts in a hostile manner toward Prospero and would love nothing more than to be rid of him.

Many scholars view this hostile relationship in postcolonial terms. Prospero, for instance, can be seen as the colonizer, who conquers the natives, teaches them according to Western traditions, but also forces them into slavery. Caliban, likewise, is the archetypal native who has lost his cultural sovereignty. In this context, Caliban's hostility can be seen as akin to the various rebellions against colonial powers in India, Ireland, and elsewhere. Thinking about Caliban and Prospero's relationship in these terms makes it easier to understand Caliban's reasons for showing hostility toward Prospero.  

How is King Lear perverse?

King Lear is perverse, or we may say tragically flawed, in his treatment of his favorite and most loving daughter, Cordelia. His flaw (or perversity) lies in his inability to distinguish between rhetoric (words) and reality. He unquestioningly believes the lies his two eldest daughters tell him about how much they love him, how important he is to them and how willing they are to do anything for him. For example, Goneril says:

Sir, I...

King Lear is perverse, or we may say tragically flawed, in his treatment of his favorite and most loving daughter, Cordelia. His flaw (or perversity) lies in his inability to distinguish between rhetoric (words) and reality. He unquestioningly believes the lies his two eldest daughters tell him about how much they love him, how important he is to them and how willing they are to do anything for him. For example, Goneril says:

Sir, I do love you more than words can wield the matter,
Dearer than eyesight, space, and liberty,
Beyond what can be valued, rich or rare,
No less than life, with grace, health, beauty, honor,
As much as child e'er loved or father found—
A love that makes breath poor and speech unable.
Beyond all manner of so much I love you.

However, when Cordelia, unhappy at how her sisters are lying, won't flatter him in similarly outrageous ways, saying only that she loves him as a daughter should, he flies into a rage and disowns her. He goes into a similar rage against Kent for trying to tell the truth and banishes him from the kingdom. 

The two older sisters turn on their father rapidly as soon as they have the kingdom in their hands. Their words have been nothing but empty, as King Lear learns too late—but he should have seen from the start. As his Fool tells him, the king is the biggest fool of all. 

In "By the Waters of the Babylon" what does John notice about the way the gods lived in the past? How do you think John was able to see these things?

When John sleeps in the New York City apartment, he has a visionary dream that permits him to see how the gods lived in the past. Here are six specific things he notices in that dream:

1. The gods had artificial lights and used them to stay active at night.

John sees a street scene at night, but it wasn't dark. He says that "everywhere there were lights," and he takes care to distinguish these lights from "torches" (lamps lit by fire). During his dream, he attributes the lighting to "strong magic" and notes that the gods "had turned night to day for their pleasure—they did not sleep with the sun."

2. The gods traveled in "chariots" that were so numerous they "blocked the streets."

John doesn't understand how they work, but he is obviously talking about automobiles.

3. The gods lived under crowded conditions.

Watching the busy street scene, John says "there were gods beyond number and counting. . . The noise of their coming and going was the noise of many waters."

4. The gods had the ability to fly.

John describes the gods as "restless" and says they could "fly in the air."

5. The gods sometimes traveled underground.

John tells us they "burrowed tunnels under the rivers."

6. The gods had the ability to obtain goods from distant places.

John notes "[n]o part of the world was safe from them, for, if they wished for a thing, they summoned it from the other side of the world."

How was John able to see these things?

The author leaves the reader with some ambiguity on this point. To some degree, we are free to conclude that John is receiving a mystical vision. Remember that John is an intelligent, observant person. He has been reading the ancient books for some time, and he has enough evidence around him to make many inferences without the help of any mystical forces.

For instance, John seems familiar with the idea of crowded cities from his readings, and, before his dream, he observed paved "god-roads" throughout the city. It would be natural for him to infer that a city street would be bustling and crowded, and that the gods would travel on their roads in special chariots.

Also, before his dream, John went into a subway station, and saw stairs leading down into "great caves and tunnels." These would have had the appearance of structures built by human beings, so it would not be a big stretch for John to guess that the ancients built tunnels under rivers.

John's assertion about the gods summoning things from "the other side of the world" may have been inspired by the luxury goods he found in the apartment and elsewhere. Perhaps his statements about artificial lighting and the power of flight also reflect his prior experiences. He may have formed these intuitions based on his readings, his observations of the ruined city, and his belief that the ancients could do marvelous things.

What was the Trail of Tears?

The Trail of Tears is the name given to the forced removal of the Cherokee people from their rightful lands in the Southeastern United States to new territory in what is now Oklahoma, west of the Mississippi River.  The march was ordered by President Andrew Jackson and occurred in the years 1838 and 1839 as per both the Indian Removal Act of 1830 and the Treaty of New Echota in 1835.

In 1830, Andrew Jackson...

The Trail of Tears is the name given to the forced removal of the Cherokee people from their rightful lands in the Southeastern United States to new territory in what is now Oklahoma, west of the Mississippi River.  The march was ordered by President Andrew Jackson and occurred in the years 1838 and 1839 as per both the Indian Removal Act of 1830 and the Treaty of New Echota in 1835.

In 1830, Andrew Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act into law, which allowed him to exchange lands occupied by Native American tribes in existing states for unsettled lands west of the Mississippi River.  This meant relocating entire tribes thousands of miles away from their native lands, and few were willing to undergo the change.  Many, such as the Seminoles in Florida, attempted to resist with military action; these uprising were violently quelled, and noting the ineffectiveness of such a strategy the Cherokees instead approached the problem administratively.  The Cherokee tribe of the Southeastern United States were highly organized and had their own elected government representatives, and they took the issue to federal court.  The Supreme Court ruled the forced extradition of the Cherokee people was unconstitutional, and yet Jackson refused to adhere to this ruling; amid an environment in which other tribes were being removed from their homes and shown no mercy along the way, some Cherokee citizens agreed to the Treaty of New Echota, accepting payment and new lands as compensation for the relocation.  This treaty gave Jackson the leverage he needed to force the entirety of the Cherokee nation – some fifteen thousand individuals – to undertake the long, hard road from Georgia to an area in present-day Oklahoma.  The Native Americans suffered immensely during the journey, almost a quarter of them losing their lives along the way.  The devastation and sorrow this relocation caused led the Cherokees to give the journey the name “The Trail of Tears,” a moniker embraced by history as testament to the injustice faced by these individuals.

What quotes in the play Macbeth portray internal conflict in Lady Macbeth and what techniques are used in the quotations?

Lady Macbeth shows internal conflict when she compares Duncan to her father and when she imagines blood on her hands.  These techniques are foreshadowing and metaphor.

When Lady Macbeth finds out that her husband heard witches tell him that he was going to be king, she jumps on the opportunity.  She does not feel that her husband has it in him, but she pushes him until he finally kills the king.

Lady Macbeth is the one who devises the plan and forces Macbeth to follow it, but she does not kill Duncan herself.  In fact, she notes that he looked so peaceful that she was unable to kill him.

Alack, I am afraid they have awaked,
And 'tis not done. The attempt and not the deed
Confounds us. Hark! I laid their daggers ready;
He could not miss 'em. Had he not resembled
My father as he slept, I had done't. (Act 2, Scene 2)

The internal conflict here is that Lady Macbeth is beginning to doubt the plan to kill Duncan.  This is also foreshadowing for her later mental breakdown.  She saw Duncan, and he looked like her father, and something inside her began to unravel.

Macbeth is going downhill too.  At a banquet, he thinks he sees the ghost of Banquo and freaks out.  Lady Macbeth begins to doubt what they have done again.  She makes excuses for Macbeth, saying nothing is wrong with him and he often gets such fits.  In reality, things are falling apart for her.

Everything comes to a head when the battle is imminent.  Lady Macbeth has to face what they have done, and something inside her finally snaps. 

Out, damned spot! out, I say!--One: two: why,
then, 'tis time to do't.--Hell is murky!--Fie, my
lord, fie! a soldier, and afeard? What need we
fear who knows it, when none can call our power to
account?--Yet who would have thought the old man
to have had so much blood in him. (Act 5, Scene 1)

It is not long after this that Lady Macbeth kills herself.  Here she imagines blood on her hands.  It is too much for her.  She feels like she is seeing King Duncan’s blood and can’t wash it off.  The blood is a metaphor for her part in Duncan’s death. 

Shakespeare uses these two techniques, foreshadowing and metaphor, related to Lady Macbeth’s internal conflict.  Macbeth also suffers from what they have done, but his reaction is to continue killing to try to stay in power.  Lady Macbeth kills herself from guilt.

What is the king's relationship with the subjects of his kingdom?

The king in Frank R. Stockton's short story "The Lady, or the Tiger?" is considered "semi-barbaric." Usually the king also represents the type of people who live in the kingdom. He's a typical dictator, though, so his subjects must play the game his way or they suffer the consequences. For example the king is described in the following way:

"When every member of his domestic and political systems moved smoothly in its appointed course, his...

The king in Frank R. Stockton's short story "The Lady, or the Tiger?" is considered "semi-barbaric." Usually the king also represents the type of people who live in the kingdom. He's a typical dictator, though, so his subjects must play the game his way or they suffer the consequences. For example the king is described in the following way:

"When every member of his domestic and political systems moved smoothly in its appointed course, his nature was bland and genial; but whenever there was a little hitch, . . . he was blander and more genial still."

So it would seem that the king treats his subjects fairly well as long as they are doing what they are supposed to be doing. However, the "semi-barbaric" part surfaces when it's time to convict someone of a crime.

"Among the borrowed notions by which his barbarism had become semified was that of the public arena, in which, by exhibitions of manly and beastly valor, the minds of his subjects were refined and cultured."

Another way to say this is that his subjects were conditioned to accept the arena as the official judicial procedure for convictions. This is fine until one day a subject is publicly notified for his own appointment in the arena. The king chooses anyone he feels should be placed in the arena to go at a moment's notice. This part can't be very popular among the king's subjects. For the most part, though, a subject won't get called to the arena unless he has done something to offend the king, one might never know when or how he has offended the king. For the audience, who consists of the king's subjects, it seems like a big game for them, as follows:

"The moment that the case of the criminal was thus decided, doleful iron bells were clanged, great wails went up from the hired mourners posted on the outer rim of the arena, and the vast audience, with bowed heads downcast hearts, wended slowly their homeward way. . ."

Therefore, the king's relationship with his subjects seems to be good except for one little part of his administration which is extreme and "semi-barbaric." Since his subjects are made from the same cloth as the king, they accept him and his arena.

.13. Which of the following accurately describes fermentation? A. Fermentation generates more ATP than cellular respiration. B. Fermentation can...

Option (C) is the correct answer to this question.  Explanations as to why the other options are not the correct responses are found below.

• Option (A) is not the correct answer because fermentation produces much less ATP than aerobic respiration. In the presence of oxygen, aerobic respiration produces 34-38 ATP.  On the other hand, in the absence of oxygen, fermentation produces a net yield of only 2 ATP. 


• Option (B) is not the correct answer because fermentation is an anaerobic process, which means that it occurs in the absence of oxygen (“an” = without, “aerobic” = atmosphere).


• Option (D) is not the correct answer because there are two types of fermentation known as lactic acid fermentation and ethanol fermentation. Lactic acid fermentation does not produce carbon dioxide.

What events lead to the two hangings that author Elie Wiesel describes in Night?

In Night, author Elie Wiesel describes two hangings that were particularly troubling for him. For the most part, the prisoners are so used to death that it is a part of their lives, but these trouble many of them because they involve a youth and a child. 

The first one happened soon after the camp was bombed by the Allies. A youth from Warsaw who had been in concentration camps for three years was brought...

In Night, author Elie Wiesel describes two hangings that were particularly troubling for him. For the most part, the prisoners are so used to death that it is a part of their lives, but these trouble many of them because they involve a youth and a child. 

The first one happened soon after the camp was bombed by the Allies. A youth from Warsaw who had been in concentration camps for three years was brought before the other prisoners and led to the gallows. The head of the camp read aloud the verdict,

"In the name of Himmler...prisoner Number...stole during the alert...According to the law...paragraph...prisoner Number...is condemned to death. May this be a warning and an example to all prisoners" (Wiesel 59)

So, he was hanged for stealing--most likely food--during the earlier bombing.

The second hanging involved the Oberkapo, who was Dutch and had over seven hundred prisoners working under him, and his pipel--a young boy who served him. Most pipel were hated because of their cruelty, but this one, like the Oberkapo, was well-loved by everyone. Both of them were to be hanged because awhile back, the electrical power building at Buna was blown to bits, and the Gestapo traced the action back to the Oberkapo and the boy. Both of them refused to talk even though they were tortured for weeks. The Oberkapo was eventually sent to Auschwitz and probably gassed, but the young boy was hanged in front of all the prisoners at Buna along with two other men, whose crimes we are not told. This was one of the worst horrors Elie Wiesel witnessed in the camps.

Why do the kids decide to go to the Radley place in To Kill a Mockingbird?

The kids went to the Radley Place to try to get Boo Radley to come out.

Scout and Jem had always been interested in Boo Radley, but Dill was obsessed.  He seemed to believe that Boo Radley was just misunderstood, and if they sat down and talked to him everything would be all right.

Dill said, “We’re askin‘ him real politely to come out sometimes, and tell us what he does in there—we said we wouldn’t...

The kids went to the Radley Place to try to get Boo Radley to come out.

Scout and Jem had always been interested in Boo Radley, but Dill was obsessed.  He seemed to believe that Boo Radley was just misunderstood, and if they sat down and talked to him everything would be all right.

Dill said, “We’re askin‘ him real politely to come out sometimes, and tell us what he does in there—we said we wouldn’t hurt him and we’d buy him an ice cream.”

…“It’s my idea. I figure if he’d come out and sit a spell with us he might feel better.” (Ch. 5)

Scout thinks Dill is crazy.  She has bought into the idea that Boo Radley is a monster.  Dill has a more sophisticated view of him.  He still has childish ideas, but he seems to want to see Boo Radley and help him, rather than being afraid of him.

Jem and Dill’s plan is to use a fishing pole to get a note to Boo Radley.

“I’m goin‘ around to the side of the house,” said Jem. “We looked yesterday from across the street, and there’s a shutter loose. Think maybe I can make it stick on the window sill, at least.” (Ch. 5)

The trick doesn’t exactly work.  Jem thinks that because it is dark no one will be able to see them.  Atticus walks up in the middle of it, and Jem has to stop. They hear someone laughing as Jem runs off, and he loses his pants.  The children tell the adults that they were playing strip poker with matches, and Atticus tells Jem to get his pants.

Jem does not want Atticus to find out that he was at the Radley place, because Atticus has repeatedly told them to leave Boo Radley alone.  He sneaks back later to get his pants, and finds them removed from the fence and sewn up.  Jem realizes that Boo was reaching out to him, trying to help him.

How can I write an outline for a comparison paper using two literary works?

The best way to write a paper that compares two works is to select an overall general theme as your thesis statement that will apply to both works. This will be something like, “The two novels, (A) and (B), are very similar (or “are very different”) in their treatment of _____ (life, death, social status, friendship, heroism, etc.).” Then you will want to find 3-5 sub-categories that explain what you mean in your overall thesis....

The best way to write a paper that compares two works is to select an overall general theme as your thesis statement that will apply to both works. This will be something like, “The two novels, (A) and (B), are very similar (or “are very different”) in their treatment of _____ (life, death, social status, friendship, heroism, etc.).” Then you will want to find 3-5 sub-categories that explain what you mean in your overall thesis. These will become topic sentences for the paragraphs of your essay. For a longer essay, you just come up with more and more topics. Finally, for each of the paragraphs of your essay, you think of several – generally 3-5 or so – specific examples from each work that you can use to show why you believe that the two works are similar (or different).

The general outline of your essay will look something like this:

1. 
   

   Introductory Paragraph that states your thesis and a brief summary of your topic paragraphs

   
   


2. 
   

   Main Paragraph #1 – Sub-Topic that compares the two works

   
   

         A, B, C, etc. – make specific comparisons using examples from the two texts

   
   


3. 
   

   Main Paragraph #2 – Sub-Topic that compares the two works

   
   

         A, B, C, etc. – make specific comparisons using examples from the two texts

   
   


4. 
   

   Main Paragraph #3 – Sub-Topic that compares the two works

   
   

         A, B, C, etc. – make specific comparisons using examples from the two texts

   
   


5. 
   

   Conclusion – remind the reader what you believe you have just proven, in a restatement of your thesis statement

   
   

   This sort of outline repeatedly makes the comparisons between the two works. You will compare specific examples in each paragraph, for each of your Topics. By the time you are done, the reader will fully understand why you believe the two works are similar/different.

   
   

   Another way to write a comparison essay, though generally less effective, is to start with your claim that the two works are similar/different, and then write the first half of your paper explaining the treatment of that subject in the first work, and then write the second half of your paper explaining the treatment in the second work, and then at the end tie the two together. Many students often find this structure easier to write, but it is not as strong an essay.

   
   

In The Boy in the Striped Pajamas by John Boyne, what did Bruno think Herr Roller should do, and why?

First, it is important to realize that Herr Roller is more often called Franz within The Boy in the Striped Pajamas.  (This should clear up any character confusion.)  In answer to your question, we learn about Bruno’s thoughts in Chapter 7, when he is speaking to his mother.  In short, Bruno thinks Herr Roller should neither have arguments with his shadow nor allow cats to come to tea parties.  Bruno does not consider these...

First, it is important to realize that Herr Roller is more often called Franz within The Boy in the Striped Pajamas.  (This should clear up any character confusion.)  In answer to your question, we learn about Bruno’s thoughts in Chapter 7, when he is speaking to his mother.  In short, Bruno thinks Herr Roller should neither have arguments with his shadow nor allow cats to come to tea parties.  Bruno does not consider these behaviors “normal” and continues to laugh at Herr Roller.  Bruno’s mom reprimands Bruno for this vitriolic laughter.  She tells Bruno not to laugh because Herr Roller suffered a lot due to World War I.  “You have no idea what the young men went through back then. Their suffering.”  This statement is a perfect example of a particular kind of irony:  dramatic irony.  Dramatic irony exists when a character does not know something that the reader knows.  In this case, the irony will become clear as the reader observes the suffering of the Jewish people at the hands of the Nazis.

What is the role of the inquisitor and the Dominican priests in Joan's trial?

In Scene VI, Joan is on trial for heresy; in the ecclesiastical court scene, the inquisitor is named as one Brother John Lemaitre. As an inquisitor, he is a judge, along with the Bishop of Beauvais, Pierre Cauchon. The prosecutor or promoter is Canon John D'Estivet. Dominican priests or monks are also present at the proceedings; they are labeled as 'assessors' or monitors who oversee the trial. During the proceedings, Ladvenu, a Dominican monk, asks...

In Scene VI, Joan is on trial for heresy; in the ecclesiastical court scene, the inquisitor is named as one Brother John Lemaitre. As an inquisitor, he is a judge, along with the Bishop of Beauvais, Pierre Cauchon. The prosecutor or promoter is Canon John D'Estivet. Dominican priests or monks are also present at the proceedings; they are labeled as 'assessors' or monitors who oversee the trial. During the proceedings, Ladvenu, a Dominican monk, asks whether there can be any harm in a simple girl's religious conviction and attendant sensibilities. He questions the necessity of labeling such a girl a heretic.

The Inquisitor's answer is eloquent but resolute in tone. He warns his fellow monks to refrain from supposing that evil can be easily ascertained from the outward demeanor of the accused.

This girl is not one of those whose hard features are the sign of hard hearts, and whose brazen looks and lewd demeanor condemn them before they are accused. The devilish pride that has led her into her present peril has left no mark on her countenance. Strange as it may seem to you, it has even left no mark on her character outside those special matters in which she is proud; so that you will see a diabolical pride and a natural humility seated side by side in the selfsame soul. Therefore be on your guard.

In 1231, Pope Gregory IX charged both the Franciscan and the Dominican orders with the responsibility of rooting out heretics from the Catholic Church. In due time, the Dominican order of friars who became inquisitors, prosecutors, and assessors during ecclesiastical trials became known as the 'Hounds of God,' a negative appellation. The order was respected for its emphasis on academic purity in matters of theology and its unswerving fidelity in removing heresy from the ranks of the Catholic Church. The Inquisition was most active in France (where Joan was tried) and in Italy. Joan's own trial was on May 30, 1431.

Accordingly, the inquisitor, as the judge, has the right to raise an accusation against anyone. However, he must question the accused before at least two witnesses. During Joan's trial, Dominican monks are present in order to monitor or to assess the proceedings of the court. Meanwhile, the Bishop slyly manipulates the assessors to view Joan's actions as heretical rebellion against the authority of the Catholic Church. Joan does recant and is sentenced to perpetual imprisonment. However, she rebels against the court's decision and is subsequently condemned to be burnt at the stake. Throughout the proceedings, the Inquisitor, with the support of his Dominican brothers, has full authority to decide Joan's fate.

After the trial, how do the children and Atticus respond to Bob Ewell's threats?

Bob Ewell had a great amount of contempt toward Atticus during and after the trial. One day, Atticus left the post office in Maycomb. Bob Ewell approached Atticus with a string of threats. He spat on him and even threatened to murder him. Instead of verbally fighting back, "Atticus didn’t bat an eye, just took out his handkerchief and wiped his face and stood there and let Mr. Ewell call him names wild horses could...

Bob Ewell had a great amount of contempt toward Atticus during and after the trial. One day, Atticus left the post office in Maycomb. Bob Ewell approached Atticus with a string of threats. He spat on him and even threatened to murder him. Instead of verbally fighting back, "Atticus didn’t bat an eye, just took out his handkerchief and wiped his face and stood there and let Mr. Ewell call him names wild horses could not bring [Miss Stephanie] to repeat" (To Kill a Mockingbird, Chapter 23). Atticus told Mr. Ewell that he was too old to be fighting and he humbly walked away.

Scout and Jem did not like their father's reaction. They wished that he would have fought Bob Ewell. They knew that their father was an excellent shot. In addition to these feelings, the children were also scared. They thought Mr. Ewell was a dangerous man. They expressed their feelings to their father. He told them that he did not regret the work he did in the courtroom. Atticus responded to their concerns:

"So if spitting in my face and threatening me saved Mayella Ewell one extra beating, that’s something I’ll gladly take. He had to take it out on somebody and I’d rather it be me than that houseful of children out there."

Atticus was willing to sacrifice to better the lives of others.

In "Rules of the Game" what does the sign mean that says "Within this store is all for food not for pet"?

The sign is intended for tourists who think that the animals at the store are for sale as pets.

Different cultures eat differently.  San Francisco’s Chinatown attracts a wide variety of visitors, including tourists from many cultures.  They may not understand how the Chinese eat.  This is the reason the store owner put up the sign, to prevent non-Chinese from trying to buy his food as pets.

Farther down the street was Ping Yuen Fish...

The sign is intended for tourists who think that the animals at the store are for sale as pets.

Different cultures eat differently.  San Francisco’s Chinatown attracts a wide variety of visitors, including tourists from many cultures.  They may not understand how the Chinese eat.  This is the reason the store owner put up the sign, to prevent non-Chinese from trying to buy his food as pets.

Farther down the street was Ping Yuen Fish Market. The front window displayed a tank crowded with doomed fish and turtles struggling to gain footing on the slimy green-tiled sides. A hand-written sign informed tourists, "Within this store, is all for food, not for pet."

Waverly is aware that the fish and turtles are being sold to make dinner.  Turtles are commonly used for soup, and of course the fish could be eaten any number of ways.  The sign is an example of the cultural divide between the Chinese Americans and natives.  Some people might think that killing turtles is cruel, for example, because they do not understand that they are often eaten in many cultures.

On less crowded market days, we would inspect the crates of live frogs and crabs which we were warned not to poke, boxes of dried cuttlefish, and row upon row of iced prawns, squid, and slippery fish.

This colorful bit of insight into Waverly’s neighborhood provides good background for the setting.  The store is a popular one, and we know that the reason the fish and turtles are still alive is that people want them to be fresh.  They are fresh because the butchers wait to kill them until just before they are eaten.  They do not kill them until they are purchased.

Waverly’s mother uses the crabs as a lesson, telling her that a little girl who ran into traffic was squashed flat like a crab.  This makes her nervous around the seafood.  It is another example of Waverly’s personality, and her mother’s.

A 1-hectare field contains 2500 bean plants having a total surface area of 557 `m^2.` Ambient temperatures is 21 °C, winds are calm, and humidity...

Hello!

You didn't specify what "step 2 of the Analysis" is and the average loss calculated. I suppose that this loss has some numeric value. We will denote it as `I.`

Note that this loss should include time in its units, since it is the loss of water from the unit of an area over a unit of time. So the average loss is  `I` `(mL)/(m^2*h).`

Then the answer is simple. If each plant is...

Hello!

You didn't specify what "step 2 of the Analysis" is and the average loss calculated. I suppose that this loss has some numeric value. We will denote it as `I.`

Note that this loss should include time in its units, since it is the loss of water from the unit of an area over a unit of time. So the average loss is  `I` `(mL)/(m^2*h).`

Then the answer is simple. If each plant is transpiring at the average loss of `I,` then all plants are transpiring each hour:

I * (1 hour) * (the total surface area of plants) = I*557 (mL).

Probably, the result will be relatively large. We may divide it by 1000 to obtain the result in liters (L).  If the number found for `I` corresponds to the loss per day, then we should divide this formula by 24 (hours in a day).

In "The Ransom of Red Chief," why do Bill and Sam decide on the town of Summit for their scheme?

At the beginning of the story, Sam, who is the narrator, gives several reasons why he and Bill choose Summit for their kidnapping scheme. As Sam says in the text:

There was a town down there, as flat as a flannel-cake, and called Summit, of course. It contained inhabitants of as undeleterious and self-satisfied a class of peasantry as ever clustered around a Maypole. 

The word "undeleterious" means harmless, and Sam refers to the inhabitants...

At the beginning of the story, Sam, who is the narrator, gives several reasons why he and Bill choose Summit for their kidnapping scheme. As Sam says in the text:

There was a town down there, as flat as a flannel-cake, and called Summit, of course. It contained inhabitants of as undeleterious and self-satisfied a class of peasantry as ever clustered around a Maypole. 

The word "undeleterious" means harmless, and Sam refers to the inhabitants of Summit as "peasantry." Here, O. Henry's language reveals Sam and Bill's attitude toward the citizens of Summit. Sam and Bill think that it will be easy to pull off the kidnapping because the people of Summit are simple, rural folk who won't put up a fight, so to speak. Another quotation from the beginning of the story demonstrates the same attitude:

Philoprogenitiveness, says we, is strong in semi-rural communities; therefore and for other reasons, a kidnapping project ought to do better there than in the radius of newspapers that send reporters out in plain clothes to stir up talk about such things. We knew that Summit couldn't get after us with anything stronger than constables and maybe some lackadaisical bloodhounds and a diatribe or two in the Weekly Farmers' Budget. So, it looked good.

"Philoprogenitiveness" means to have a love for children or to produce many offspring. Sam characterizes a rural town like Summit as a place where people love children and have close-knit families; therefore, citizens of Summit would be outraged by a kidnapping and pay any amount of money necessary to get their children back. Furthermore, Sam figures that, because Summit is such a small town, he and Bill won't face any real trouble or challenges to their scheme. As Sam puts it, a few constables and a rant in the newspaper won't put a damper on their plan to get $2000. Of course, the situational irony of the story is that Sam and Bill mischaracterize Summit; their incorrect assumptions about the town are partly what lead to their downfall. Sam and Bill end up kidnapping Red Chief, a boy who is so mischievous and uncontrollable that Red Chief's own father seems to want the boy off of his hands (as do the inhabitants of Summit).

To what extent can our containment policy be considered a success?

Our containment policy can be considered a success when viewed in its entirety. While there were some areas where we failed to prevent communism from spreading, we were able to stop it from spreading in many places.

The goal of the communists was to spread communism throughout the world. We believed we needed to prevent communism from spreading, leading to the development of the containment policy.

We successfully stopped the spread of communism in several...

Our containment policy can be considered a success when viewed in its entirety. While there were some areas where we failed to prevent communism from spreading, we were able to stop it from spreading in many places.

The goal of the communists was to spread communism throughout the world. We believed we needed to prevent communism from spreading, leading to the development of the containment policy.

We successfully stopped the spread of communism in several places. With the European Recovery Program, we gave economic aid to Western European countries fighting the spread of communism. Turkey and Greece were two countries that benefited from this aid, and both countries didn’t become communist. When the Soviet Union tried to force the Allies out of West Berlin, we used the Berlin Airlift to fly supplies over the Berlin Blockade. The Soviet Union tried to cut off all land routes to West Berlin. The Berlin Airlift continued until the blockade was ended. We also helped South Korea stay noncommunist. When North Korea invaded South Korea in June 1950, we got the United Nations to create a multinational military force to help South Korea fight North Korea. Led by the United States, this multinational military force kept South Korea free and noncommunist. We had more successes stopping the spread of the communism than failures in preventing its spread.

In Fahrenheit 451, who gets incinerated by Guy Montag?

Guy Montag is a fireman who burns people's houses when they are reported to authorities for owning books. When he turns away from that life to preserve books, he gets caught by his boss, Captain Beatty. Not only that, but his wife Mildred reports her own husband and Beatty forces Montag to burn his own house down as part of his punishment. While Montag is burning his house down, Captain Beatty spouts off condescending verbal...

Guy Montag is a fireman who burns people's houses when they are reported to authorities for owning books. When he turns away from that life to preserve books, he gets caught by his boss, Captain Beatty. Not only that, but his wife Mildred reports her own husband and Beatty forces Montag to burn his own house down as part of his punishment. While Montag is burning his house down, Captain Beatty spouts off condescending verbal attacks at him. He quotes Shakespeare and continues to provoke Montag by calling him a snob. With incinerator in hand, and Beatty smugly looking on and provoking him verbally, Montag turns the flames on his boss and incinerates Captain Beatty. The way Bradbury describes the scene is incredible:

"And then he was a shrieking blaze, a jumping, sprawling, gibbering mannikin, no longer human or known, all writhing flame on the lawn as Montag shot one continuous pulse of liquid fire on him. There was a hiss like a great mouthful of spittle banging a red-hot stove, a bubbling and frothing as if salt had been poured over a monstrous black snail to cause a terrible liquefaction and a boiling over of yellow foam. . . Beatty flopped over and over and over, and at last twisted in on himself like a charred wax doll and lay silent" (119).

Bradbury employs similes, along with visual and auditory images, to describe the horrific scene of Beatty's body igniting instantly. There are black, red and yellow colors coupled with action verbs to create images with sound. Then, the descriptions of the reactionary movements of the body are chilling as it chemically changes in moments. 

You are planning a major production: “MACBETH” – THE HORROR MOVIE. In a presentation to potential funders (MGM, Fox, etc), what are all the...

This sounds like a fun assignment!  There are countless examples you can use in these two acts to convince someone Macbeth is a horror story.  The play has all the trappings:  witches, ghosts, insanity, suspense, fear and suspicion, and plenty of blood and gore.  In the opening scene of Act IV, we have three witches in their “haunt,” likely before a backdrop of all kinds of dark, twisted, ungainly, rotting things, and as an ominous...

This sounds like a fun assignment!  There are countless examples you can use in these two acts to convince someone Macbeth is a horror story.  The play has all the trappings:  witches, ghosts, insanity, suspense, fear and suspicion, and plenty of blood and gore.  In the opening scene of Act IV, we have three witches in their “haunt,” likely before a backdrop of all kinds of dark, twisted, ungainly, rotting things, and as an ominous peal of thunder roars in the distance they’re chucking severed animal parts, entrails, organs, venoms, all kinds of hideous things into a cauldron.  Even a “finger of birth-strangled babe/Ditch-delivered by a drab.”  Show the severing of that finger and you’ve likely got an automatic R-rating.  There is evil music playing, and when Macbeth comes on the scene there is more thunder and the apparition of ghosts, one of which is “a bloody child.”  Classic horror.  When the witches disappear they leave Macbeth agitated, confused, and frightened.

In the opening scene of Act V we are confronted with Lady Macbeth’s sleepwalking and her descent into madness.  Imagine this scene:  the dark stillness of night, total silence, and Lady Macbeth entering in a trancelike state.  “…her eyes are open…but their sense are shut.”  A haunting look.  And she rubs her hands as if washing them, compulsively and at length.  This sort of unusual, repetitive behavior has the power to make the skin crawl – the Lady is herself haunted desperate, and unstable.  In this scene we have the famous line, “Out, damned spot!  Out I say!”  And then, “Yet who would have thought the old man to have had so much blood in him?”  A foreboding, mysterious, troublesome line, the atmosphere descending into something fearful and ominous as she mutters to herself about her sins.  She has secrets, and they are murderous. 

Macbeth’s own denial and anger in Scene 2 are disconcerting to the reader, and would make one fidget uncomfortably – he is in a nervous rage, suspicious yet clinging to the witches’ augurs, confused still and riled.  He lashes out at messengers and barks despairing orders, trivializes life in his famous “tomorrow, and tomorrow, and tomorrow” speech – he shows all the signs of a dreaded and reckless madman.  Who knows what he might do?  He could turn against his own, he could turn against himself -- or worse, he could win.

These Acts as well are rife with murder – in Act IV we see MacDuff’s entire household murdered unceremoniously in his absence, Lady Macbeth, ravaged by remorse, commits suicide, and of course in the final scene of the play the same MacDuff emerges bearing Macbeth’s severed head aloft for all to see.  And Malcolm further contributes to the beastly, homicidal, irredeemable characterization of the villain, referring to the Macbeths as “This dead butcher and his fiendlike queen.”  The word “butcher” calls to mind a sociopathic killer – indeed the stuff of nightmares.

In the story "The Leap," what are the similarities between the two leaps?

Both leaps Anna makes are daring, last-ditch efforts to save her child.

The first leap Anna makes is to save her life during a terrible accident. Anna is part of a trapeze act. One day, she is performing her act while seven months pregnant. While she is performing, there is a storm. Lightning strikes the circus tent’s main pole, and Anna takes a calculated risk. She jumps.

Her body twisted toward a heavy wire and...

Both leaps Anna makes are daring, last-ditch efforts to save her child.

The first leap Anna makes is to save her life during a terrible accident. Anna is part of a trapeze act. One day, she is performing her act while seven months pregnant. While she is performing, there is a storm. Lightning strikes the circus tent’s main pole, and Anna takes a calculated risk. She jumps.

Her body twisted toward a heavy wire and she managed to hang on to the braided metal, still hot from the lightning strike. Her palms were burned so terribly that once healed they bore no lines, only the blank scar tissue of a quieter future.

Three people die that day, but other than the burns, Anna survives. Unfortunately, Anna’s husband dies, and although she is put on bed rest, her baby is stillborn. The leap saved Anna’s life, but it did not save the baby.

Anna meets the narrator’s father while recuperating in the hospital. They marry, and then move to a decrepit farmhouse. One day, there is a fire. The narrator is trapped upstairs. Anna’s husband is helpless and not sure what to do. Once again, Anna solves the problem with a leap.

I didn't see her leap through air, only heard the sudden thump and looked out my window. She was hanging by the backs of her heels from the new gutter we had put in that year, and she was smiling. I was not surprised to see her, she was so matter-of-fact. 

Like the first leap, this one was dangerous and next to impossible. Also like the first leap, this one is intended to save her child's life. The narrator considers both leaps times that her mother saved her life. The first time, Anna saved her future daughter’s life by saving her own life. This time, she directly saves her by acting when no one else can. She uses her old skills and somehow manages this incredible feat.

Compare and contrast Dexter's desire for material success with his desire for Judy.

 In F. Scott Fitzgerald’s “Winter Dreams” financial success was Dexter’s ambition but Judy Jones was his obsession. From a young age, Dexter dreamed of joining the ranks of the wealthy men he caddied for at the country club. He wanted to be more than the other young men and proved that by choosing a prestigious college where he was uncomfortable with his lack of spending money. By the time he was in his early twenties, he was well on his way to financial success with his business acumen. His small laundry business quickly grew as did his wealth.

He was invited back to play golf at the country club where he caddied as a boy. It was during this golf game that he was reintroduced to Judy Jones. The obstinate little girl had grown into a feisty, beautiful young woman who broke men’s hearts on a regular basis.

Dexter became a successful, self-made man with the airs that he acquired during his years at university. 

He made money. It was rather amazing. After college he went to the city from which Black Bear Lake draws its wealthy patrons. When he was only twenty-three and had been there not quite two years, there were already people who liked to say: "Now there's a boy--"

Despite his rise, Judy could always bring him to his knees. She was a fickle lover to the many men she dated. For a number of years, he lived for time spent with this illusion of a lover.

Already he was playing with the idea of going East to New York. He wanted to take Judy Jones with him. No disillusion as to the world in which she had grown up could cure his illusion as to her desirability.

Eventually, Dexter became engaged to another young lady who would further his dreams of a stable home life in which his children grew up with the easy attitudes of the rich. On the night before his engagement, Judy comes back into his life. Once again he is drawn to her. He leaves his fiancée and wedding plans to spend one month with Judy Jones.

When their relationship ends on her terms, he sells his businesses and moves to New York City where he easily furthers his financial success. A gentleman from Detroit visits his New York office, and shares news of Judy’s sad marriage to a philandering man. Dexter realizes, although he became a financial success, he failed to reach his dreams.

Even the grief he could have borne was left behind in the country of illusion, of youth, of the richness of life, where his winter dreams had flourished.

In "The Other Two" by Edith Wharton is Mr. Waythorn's behavior out of character or is there something that allows him to overcome his misgivings?

If I understand your question, it refers to the end of the story. Mr. Waythorn has gradually become aware through his encounters with the two ex-husbands of his wife Alice that she is not entirely the idealized angel of the home he has imagined her. He realizes that she has told him self-serving stories about her ex-husbands. For example, he sees that her first husband is a gentle, timid man, not the brutal man Alice...

If I understand your question, it refers to the end of the story. Mr. Waythorn has gradually become aware through his encounters with the two ex-husbands of his wife Alice that she is not entirely the idealized angel of the home he has imagined her. He realizes that she has told him self-serving stories about her ex-husbands. For example, he sees that her first husband is a gentle, timid man, not the brutal man Alice had described. 

At the end of the story, Mr. Waythorn has little reason to overcome his misgivings about Alice. However, it seems entirely in character for this man, so wedded to his comforts, to decide that his situation is not so bad after all. As he thinks:

If he paid for each day's comfort with the small change of his illusions, he grew daily to value the comfort more and set less store upon the coin. ... He even began to reckon up the advantages which accrued from it, to ask himself if it were not better to own a third of a wife who knew how to make a man happy than a whole one who had lacked opportunity to acquire the art.

The very last line appears to reaffirm his resignation to a tarnished ideal, as, meeting with the two ex-husbands in his home, he accepts his third place status:

She [Alice] glanced about for Waythorn, and he took the third cup [of tea] with a laugh.

How did Jem save Atticus from the mob in To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee?

In Chapter 15, Atticus tells his children that he is going downtown and carries a long extension cord with a light bulb at the end when he leaves home. Jem notices Atticus takes his car and decides to follow his father instead of going to bed. Scout and Dill tag along as Jem leads them to Tyndal's Hardware, which is close enough to the jailhouse that they can see Atticus sitting out front of Maycomb's...

In Chapter 15, Atticus tells his children that he is going downtown and carries a long extension cord with a light bulb at the end when he leaves home. Jem notices Atticus takes his car and decides to follow his father instead of going to bed. Scout and Dill tag along as Jem leads them to Tyndal's Hardware, which is close enough to the jailhouse that they can see Atticus sitting out front of Maycomb's jailhouse. They watch as the Old Sarum bunch arrives and encircles Atticus. As they watch, Scout becomes curious and decides to run into the middle of the group of men. Shortly after she enters the circle, Jem and Dill follow her out. Atticus sees his son and says, "Go home, Jem. . . Take Scout and Dill home," but Jem refuses to obey his father's commands (Lee 94). Jem knows his father is in a dangerous situation and refuses to leave his side. Despite Atticus's pleas, Jem does not go home. Fortunately, Scout recognizes Walter Cunningham's father and eventually gets his attention after she attempts to start a conversation. Walter notices Scout and realizes the error in his judgment. Walter then tells the gang to disperse, and noone is harmed. Jem's presence and refusal to leave the scene protect and save Atticus from the Old Sarum bunch.

What techniques and ideas does Sylvia Plath use to construct the idea of aging in her poem "Mirror"?

First, Plath speaks from the point of view of the mirror itself. The mirror does not lie, as the saying goes, and the mirror attests to this in the first verse:

…I have no preconceptions.Whatever I see I swallow immediatelyJust as it is, unmisted by love or dislike.I am not cruel, only truthful

So by telling her story from this angle we get a more honest representation of aging, an objective...

First, Plath speaks from the point of view of the mirror itself. The mirror does not lie, as the saying goes, and the mirror attests to this in the first verse:

…I have no preconceptions.
Whatever I see I swallow immediately
Just as it is, unmisted by love or dislike.
I am not cruel, only truthful

So by telling her story from this angle we get a more honest representation of aging, an objective viewpoint uncluttered by personal distress, unbiased by any person’s vanity or dissatisfaction.

In the second verse the mirror compares itself to a lake, suggesting that what it reflects is natural, as natural and normal as the world we live in. At the end of the poem Plath returns to this metaphor, stating about the woman who looks every morning into the mirror, “in me she has drowned a young girl,” and “an old woman” is making her way toward the surface of the lake, “like a terrible fish.” In these lines we see the inevitability of getting older, how our past selves and our future selves are all part of the same body, the same lake, in constant flux and yet fixed. And it is from this objective mirror that we see the woman wringing her hands and crying to herself, saddened at the effect time is having on her appearance.

With the coming of the woman, we see how desperately we cling to our reflections, what our own image means to us – the woman uses the mirror as a vehicle to find “what she really is,” and must escape it, back “to those liars, the candles or the moon,” some source of light that will cast flattering shadows, that will hide imperfections. The woman seeks solace in these things, the mirror conjectures, being as the mirror is in the business of reflecting truth. As we age, the truth of the matter is undeniable, no matter how desperate we are to avoid it. We seek out the lies after being confronted with the truth; we try to hide the fact that we are getting older, even from ourselves. And yet even so, says the mirror, “I see her back, and reflect it faithfully.”  Even so, we cannot escape that from which we turn away.

What are the levels of goverment?Elaborate on them.

This question can be answered in several ways. One way is to look at the levels of government in our federal government. The Constitution created three branches or levels of government. Each branch has a specific job that is different from the jobs of the other branches. The legislative branch makes our laws. The legislative branch consists of the House of Representatives, which has 435 members, and the Senate, which has 100 members. The executive...

This question can be answered in several ways. One way is to look at the levels of government in our federal government. The Constitution created three branches or levels of government. Each branch has a specific job that is different from the jobs of the other branches. The legislative branch makes our laws. The legislative branch consists of the House of Representatives, which has 435 members, and the Senate, which has 100 members. The executive branch carries out our laws. This branch, headed by the President and the Vice President, is responsible for making sure that whatever a law says should occur actually does occur. The judicial branch, which is our court system, is responsible for interpreting our laws and deciding what the language of the law means. Each branch also is able to control the actions of the other branches through a system of checks and balances.

Another way to look at this question is to look at the different levels of government throughout the country. There is the local level of government. This would include school boards as well as the municipal and the county governments. Another level of government would be the state government. Finally, the third level would be the federal government, which is outlined in more detail in the previous paragraph.

In the Odyssey, when Odysseus enters the Underworld, what does he sacrifice?

As Odysseus and his crew enter the Underworld, they prepare to sacrifice a number of sheep. Odysseus digs a pit while his men hold the sheep, and "round its edges poured an offering to all the dead" of honey, wine and water on which he then sprinkles white barley. The pit will catch the blood of the sheep, and it is where the crew will place the bodies when they are finished. The entirety comprises...

As Odysseus and his crew enter the Underworld, they prepare to sacrifice a number of sheep. Odysseus digs a pit while his men hold the sheep, and "round its edges poured an offering to all the dead" of honey, wine and water on which he then sprinkles white barley. The pit will catch the blood of the sheep, and it is where the crew will place the bodies when they are finished. The entirety comprises their offering to the spirits with whom they wish to speak. Then he says, "with prayers and vows I had implored the peoples of the dead, I took the sheep and cut their throats over the pit, and forth the dark blood flowed."

Odysseus likewise prays to the dead and promises that, when he returns home to Ithaca, he will offer his best cow as well as one sheep, "wholly black, the choicest of [his] flock" for the deceased blind prophet, Tiresias, with whom he is most anxious to speak.

Why does the moon change its shape every day? Why is no sound heard on the moon? Why does the sun appear larger than other stars? Why aren't stars...

Why does the moon change its shape every day?

The moon does not produce any light of its own. The light that we see from the moon is light that is being reflected off the moon from the Sun. The dark portions of a moon’s phase are caused by the Earth’s shadow. Thus, the phases of the moon occur due to the relative positions of the Sun and the Earth.

Why is no sound heard...

Why does the moon change its shape every day?

The moon does not produce any light of its own. The light that we see from the moon is light that is being reflected off the moon from the Sun. The dark portions of a moon’s phase are caused by the Earth’s shadow. Thus, the phases of the moon occur due to the relative positions of the Sun and the Earth.

Why is no sound heard on the moon?

Sound waves are mechanical waves that are caused by the vibrations amongst particles. However, space is a vacuum. Thus, there is no medium through which sound can travel. For this reason, no sound is heard on the moon.

Why does the Sun appear larger than other stars?

The Sun is closer to Earth than other stars. Therefore, the Sun appears larger than other stars.

Why are stars not visible during the day?

Stars do not disappear during the day. They remain in their same locations. During the day, the Earth faces the Sun. Due to the proximity of the Sun to the Earth, the Sun’s light reaches the Earth first. The intensity of the Sun’s light prevents us from seeing the light produced by the stars during the day.  

What is the author's purpose in writing The Giver?

Lois Lowry's dedication prior to the title page says, "For all the children, to whom we entrust the future." This would suggest that Lowry wrote The Giverfor children; but not only that, she wrote about a child in whose hands depends the future of his whole community. By doing this, Lowry shows that she believes that children can decipher between truth and error, right and wrong, and take the future into their own hands...

Lois Lowry's dedication prior to the title page says, "For all the children, to whom we entrust the future." This would suggest that Lowry wrote The Giver for children; but not only that, she wrote about a child in whose hands depends the future of his whole community. By doing this, Lowry shows that she believes that children can decipher between truth and error, right and wrong, and take the future into their own hands rather than merely accepting what has been given them from the previous generation. Lowry might be sending many messages to children who read this book with the different themes and topics discussed by Jonas and the Giver, such as, question everything; don't believe everything you are told; children are valuable; and don't give up on things like music, love, and color.

Jonas learns many things from the Giver, which might also be tips and advice about life from the author. Consider the following:

"When you receive the memories. You have the capacity to see beyond. You'll gain wisdom. . . and lots more" (95).

"If everything's the same, then there aren't any choices! I want to wake up in the morning and decided things! A blue tunic or a red one?" (97).

"Nothing is foolish here. Trust the memories and how they make you feel" (125).

"'I was thinking, I mean feeling, actually, that it was kind of nice, then. And that I wish we could be that way, and that you could be my grandparent. The family in the memory seemed a little more--'

'A little more complete,' The Giver suggested"(126).

These passages tell readers to trust themselves, be happy with your freedom of choice, and don't take your families for granted. Lois Lowry does a wonderful job bringing up issues that make her readers think more deeply about life and the things we take for granted.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of electroplating?

Electroplating is the process of plating one metal over another. It is done for various purposes, most commonly for imparting corrosion resistance and decorative appearance. There are a number of advantages of this process:

• Corrosion resistance: a corrosion-prone substance such as iron can be coated with a layer of non-corrosive material, thereby protecting the original material.


• Decorative items: shine and luster can be imparted to otherwise dull surfaces. This makes for great decorative items.


• Cheaper...

Electroplating is the process of plating one metal over another. It is done for various purposes, most commonly for imparting corrosion resistance and decorative appearance. There are a number of advantages of this process:

• Corrosion resistance: a corrosion-prone substance such as iron can be coated with a layer of non-corrosive material, thereby protecting the original material.


• Decorative items: shine and luster can be imparted to otherwise dull surfaces. This makes for great decorative items.


• Cheaper ornaments: instead of making ornaments out of gold or silver, one can make them using cheaper metals and electroplate the ornaments with gold. This reduces the cost of ornaments greatly.


• improving mechanical characteristics: electroplating can also improve the mechanical characteristics of metals.

There are a number of disadvantages of this process as well, such as:

• Non-uniform plating: electroplating may or may not be uniform and this may result in a substandard appearance of the plated material.


• Cost: the process is costly and time consuming.


• Pollution potential: the electroplating solution, after use, needs to be disposed off safely and is a cause of environmental concern.

Hope this helps. 

What is learned about Richard from the flashback in Killings? How does this information affect your attitude toward him?

Richard Strout is the man who kills Matt Fowler's son, Frank. The story opens with the Fowler family laying Frank to rest and upset that Strout is out walking the streets on bail. With this information, the reader may first feel upset to hear that a murderer is not in jail, as well as a sense unfairness for the Fowlers. The flashbacks, though, give insight to Strout's past as an all-American boy: football player, scholarship...

Richard Strout is the man who kills Matt Fowler's son, Frank. The story opens with the Fowler family laying Frank to rest and upset that Strout is out walking the streets on bail. With this information, the reader may first feel upset to hear that a murderer is not in jail, as well as a sense unfairness for the Fowlers. The flashbacks, though, give insight to Strout's past as an all-American boy: football player, scholarship to University of Massachusetts, construction worker, husband and father of two sons. Fowler describes what the community thought of these images when the murder got around town, as follows:

". . . those who simply knew him by face and name, had a series of images of him which they recalled when they heard of the killing: the high school running back, the young drunk in bars, the oblivious hard-hatted young man eating lunch at a counter, the bartender who could perhaps be called courteous but not more than that."

The reader might have an empathetic attitude towards Richard at this point because of how average he is--simply living out his normal daily. On the other hand, a reader might feel that he lives a cold life--unadventurous and boring.

The part that may change the reader's attitude from apathy for Richard to empathy is the fact that he has a wife and two children:

". . . near the bedroom door, hung a color photograph of Mary Ann and the two boys sitting on a law. . . Mary Ann smiling at the camera or Strout or whoever held the camera. . . was that when they were both playing around and she was smiling like that at him and they were happy, even sometimes, making it worth it?"

As more and more facts about Strout come to light, the whole story becomes more depressing. Strout, a man who had a family and everything to lose, kills Fowler's son because he was messing around with his estranged wife. For the reader, Strout evolves from a cold-blooded killer at the beginning of the story to a sad and jealous husband who made an insane choice to kill Frank.

What does Brian's fish spear look like in Hatchet?

Brian makes a two-pronged spear for fishing by whittling it out of willow wood.

When the small plane Brian is flying in crashes into the Canadian wilderness, Brian is on his own.  He realizes that one of the first things he is going to need to do is find some food.  He has nothing with him and almost no survival tools, except for a hatchet.

Brian decides to make himself a spear for fishing.  He...

Brian makes a two-pronged spear for fishing by whittling it out of willow wood.

When the small plane Brian is flying in crashes into the Canadian wilderness, Brian is on his own.  He realizes that one of the first things he is going to need to do is find some food.  He has nothing with him and almost no survival tools, except for a hatchet.

Brian decides to make himself a spear for fishing.  He has “no hooks or string” so a spear is the best he can do.

He would have to find the right kind of wood, slim and straight—he had seen some willows up along the lake that might work—and he could use the hatchet to sharpen it and shape it while he was sitting by the fire tonight. (Ch. 11)

Brian makes a staff out of the willow wood by peeling the bark off.  The result is a “straight staff about six feet long and just under an inch thick at the base, the thickest end.”  He uses the hatchet and a rock wall to refine the end of the spear “until the thick end tapered down to a needle point.”  He then refines the spear to be two-pronged, because he thinks it will be easier to catch a fish.

Unfortunately, the fish spear does not work as well as he thought.  Brian jabs at the water but he is always too slow.  He decides a bow and arrow will work better.  After much trial and error, Brian learns to aim low and is able to catch fish.

Brian's making of the tools recalls early man's attempts to solve problems.  He understands that if he does not succeed at something at first, he has to keep trying something new until he is successful.  Brian is persistent, but his survival depends on it.

What truth of human nature is presented in William Blake's poem "London"?

In "London," one of William Blake's "Songs of Experience," the depressing moral flaws of mankind are presented. The persona in the poem notes "marks of weakness" on every face. Given the qualities discussed in later stanzas, the weakness is likely moral, not physical, and therefore it leads to "marks of woe." The common note in the cries of men and babies, and in every voice and every proclamation is oppression--"mind-forg'd manacles." People are being victimized...

In "London," one of William Blake's "Songs of Experience," the depressing moral flaws of mankind are presented. The persona in the poem notes "marks of weakness" on every face. Given the qualities discussed in later stanzas, the weakness is likely moral, not physical, and therefore it leads to "marks of woe." The common note in the cries of men and babies, and in every voice and every proclamation is oppression--"mind-forg'd manacles." People are being victimized everywhere in the city. Even the Church, which should be a moral beacon, is darkened by the cruel poverty endured by the chimney sweeps because society is too selfish to provide a decent living for them. And the State, which could be a pillar of society, acts instead as a murderer of soldiers. Worst of all, the family unit is corrupted by immorality as a newborn baby is born blind because the father had contracted venereal disease and passed it on to his unknowing wife. Now their marriage is nothing more than a hearse to bear along their ruined relationship. This poem decries the moral darkness that plagues mankind and corrupts even the most central institutions of society.  

What devices does Poe use to create and heighten the suspense in the story? Is the outcome ever in doubt?

Poe builds suspense starting with the first paragraph, in which he has his narrator tell us he will get revenge on Fortunato but doesn't tell us how or why. How has Fortunato wronged him? What will he do to him?

Suspense builds as we enter the cold, damp vaults beneath a home where all the servants are gone for the night. It grows as we enter, with the characters, a smaller crypt, "lined with human...

Poe builds suspense starting with the first paragraph, in which he has his narrator tell us he will get revenge on Fortunato but doesn't tell us how or why. How has Fortunato wronged him? What will he do to him?

Suspense builds as we enter the cold, damp vaults beneath a home where all the servants are gone for the night. It grows as we enter, with the characters, a smaller crypt, "lined with human remains." We worry, for we know Fortunato is drunk, and now isolated from all help. The upside-down frame of the Carnival, a time when normal restraints are cast off, is a literary device which also adds to our sense of unease. 

The narrator chains Fortunato to a wall, but like the victim, we still don't know exactly what is going to happen: we are still in suspense. Then, rather than just telling us he has walled up Fortunato, he takes us through it step by step, as if in slow motion: "I laid the second tier, and the third, and the fourth; and then I heard the furious vibrations of the chain."

The narrator continues to drag out the work of the walling, while revealing that nobody can hear the screams of Fortunato. But will the narrator actually go through with his plan, or is his revenge simply to play a cruel joke? We are in gradually lessening suspense until the last brick is mortared in place. 

We never learn what Fortunato has done, if even anything, to warrant this fate. But by using the technique of carrying the reader step by step through the grisly scene, we are kept in suspense as to its final outcome.

There never is any doubt that the narrator will exact a cruel revenge. The suspense lies not in the "if" of the revenge but in the specifics of "how" it will occur. 

What is the theme of the poem "To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time," by Robert Herrick?

The theme of "To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time," is that young women should make the best of their beauty and passion while they are young because once they are past their prime, no one is going to want them.

In the first stanza, the speaker addresses "virgins" directly, imploring them to entertain many suitors in their youth because their beauty will inevitably fade as time goes on.  He uses "rose-buds" as a...

The theme of "To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time," is that young women should make the best of their beauty and passion while they are young because once they are past their prime, no one is going to want them.

In the first stanza, the speaker addresses "virgins" directly, imploring them to entertain many suitors in their youth because their beauty will inevitably fade as time goes on.  He uses "rose-buds" as a metaphor for young lovers and a "flower" as a metaphor for the virgin herself.  Likewise, flowers are often associated with spring, and spring with youth.

In the second stanza, the metaphor of the day for a human life (sunrise = birth, noon = peak or prime, sunset = death) conveys the idea that, as the sun rises higher toward the apex of its path, we reach our prime and grow that much closer to our deaths.

In the third stanza, the speaker says, "That age is best which is the first, / When youth and blood are warmer."  In other words, youth is the best age because our blood is warm then: a way of saying that we are most passionate when we are young (think of the term "hot-blooded" to signify lustiness).

In the fourth and final stanza, he advises young women not to be standoffish but to use their time wisely and "go marry" (in essence, catch a husband now; this is also the thing that will make them "merry" -- a pun because they sound the same and both meanings work), because once they are past the age where they are most beautiful, there's a good chance that no one will want them.

In "To Build a Fire" by Jack London, what value assumptions about animals underlie the man's interactions with the dog? How does the story's plot...

There is the anthropocentric assumption that humans are more intelligent than all other animals, including dogs. Therefore, the reader would perhaps assume that the man knows best and that the dog is merely operating under its own simplistic instincts. The plot of this story proves this notion to be incorrect. The man is too proud. He recognizes this too late. The old-timer on Sulphur Creek had told him to take a companion with him but...

There is the anthropocentric assumption that humans are more intelligent than all other animals, including dogs. Therefore, the reader would perhaps assume that the man knows best and that the dog is merely operating under its own simplistic instincts. The plot of this story proves this notion to be incorrect. The man is too proud. He recognizes this too late. The old-timer on Sulphur Creek had told him to take a companion with him but the man refused. His pride overrides his supposed higher intelligence (relative to other animals) and he uses this pride to override his instinct as well. Meanwhile, the dog's instinct is correct: 

The animal was depressed by the tremendous cold. It knew that it was no time for traveling. Its instinct told it a truer tale than was told to the man by the man's judgment. 

When the man decides that his only chance for survival is to cut the dog open and warm his hands in the carcass, the story shows that the man has become the more savage creature. To be sure, he is out of options and is now acting on instinct and reason in order to survive. But note that, after the man has died, the dog doesn't feed on him or harm him in any way. The dog simply heads toward the camp. So, the assumption that this wolf-dog is more wild and therefore more savage than a man is overturned as well. 

Is it true that expository essays often embody an extended definition of a complex concept?

Expository essays explore a concept in depth.

An expository essay is a type of nonfiction writing used to discuss a topic in detail. This is the type of essay you might find in a scientific journal or written by an expert in a field.  An expository essay can be used to explain or expound upon a definition of a concept at length.

Expository writing describes, defines, explains, or explores a concept. When you read an...

Expository essays explore a concept in depth.

An expository essay is a type of nonfiction writing used to discuss a topic in detail. This is the type of essay you might find in a scientific journal or written by an expert in a field.  An expository essay can be used to explain or expound upon a definition of a concept at length.

Expository writing describes, defines, explains, or explores a concept. When you read an expository essay, you are reading an expert’s description of or understanding of an idea. You can also write an expository essay yourself if you know a lot about a concept or do research on an idea.

Expository writing comes in many forms. An expository essay usually includes some kind of argument that is then explained or defended with evidence. For example, if you were writing an expository essay on banned books, you could give examples of books that had been banned and then describe why they were banned and the effects of banning them.

Like most essays, expository essays begin with some kind of introduction. They also have a thesis, the statement that describes what the essay is proving. Then the thesis is supported with evidence. The evidence can take as many forms as there are types of expository essays. If you are writing about a personal experience, you might describe details of what happened to you. If you are writing a research paper or an argumentative essay, you might give evidence from experts on the subject.

To say that an expository essay is a definition might be a little narrow. Expository essays might define and then explain a concept. What all expository essays do is explore a concept in depth. This contrasts with a fictional piece of writing, which primarily tells a story rather than describes a real idea.

Provide a quote from Lord of the Flies showing how Jack puts fear into people or how people are afraid of Jack.

In chapter 5, after the meeting has broken up into chaos and Jack has led most of the boys down to the beach in a "random scatter," Ralph, Piggy, and Simon remain in the meeting place and discuss Ralph's leadership—or lack thereof. Both Simon and Piggy encourage Ralph to go on being chief. For Piggy's part, speaking of Jack, he says, "I'm scared of him... and that's why I know him... When you see him......

In chapter 5, after the meeting has broken up into chaos and Jack has led most of the boys down to the beach in a "random scatter," Ralph, Piggy, and Simon remain in the meeting place and discuss Ralph's leadership—or lack thereof. Both Simon and Piggy encourage Ralph to go on being chief. For Piggy's part, speaking of Jack, he says, "I'm scared of him... and that's why I know him... When you see him... it's like asthma an' you can't breathe." He goes on, telling Ralph, "He can't hurt you: but if you stand out of the way he'd hurt the next thing. And that's me." 

In chapter 8, Jack has become the chief of his own band and has killed a sow. Before the feast, as Piggy and Ralph are talking about why things have deteriorated so severely, this conversation and commentary show how fear of Jack is growing:

"I dunno, Ralph. I expect it's him."

"Jack?"

"Jack." A taboo was evolving around that word too.

In chapter 11, when Piggy, Ralph, and Samneric make plans to go to Jack at Castle Rock to demand Piggy's glasses back, Samneric say that they should all take spears "because we may need them." Piggy says he won't take a spear, but that he will simply take the conch and tell Jack Merridew what he wants. Sam or Eric warns him, "You'll get hurt." Ralph insists that they go as they are, without paint. Eric protests that the others, including Jack, will be painted. In response, "The others nodded. They understood only too well the liberation into savagery that the concealing paint brought." They are afraid of how Jack and the boys act when they are painted. Jack was the first one to paint himself, and he demanded that the others also wear paint.

After Samneric have been captured by Jack, Ralph manages to speak to them while they are on watch. They fearfully tell Ralph to leave. They explain that Roger is a terror. Then they add: "And the chief—they're both—" "—terrors—" They have actually been kidnapped by Jack and have been physically forced to comply with Jack's wishes, so they have reason to fear him.

These passages reveal how fear of Jack begins relatively early in the book and grows significantly by the final chapter.