Wednesday, October 23, 2013

Does the acceleration vector always point in the direction in which an object is moving? If not, describe a situation as an example.

No, acceleration does not always point in the direction in which the object is moving.


The vector that indicates the direction of motion is the velocity vector. The velocity vector is always tangent to the trajectory (path) of the object, and it indicates the direction in which the object moves at a given moment.


The acceleration, by definition, is the change of the velocity vector in a small amount of time. So if the velocity...

No, acceleration does not always point in the direction in which the object is moving.


The vector that indicates the direction of motion is the velocity vector. The velocity vector is always tangent to the trajectory (path) of the object, and it indicates the direction in which the object moves at a given moment.


The acceleration, by definition, is the change of the velocity vector in a small amount of time. So if the velocity is changing, it indicates the direction in which the velocity is changing.


For example, consider a train that is slowing down. The velocity vector of the train points in the same direction, but its magnitude becomes smaller. This means the change of the velocity vector, `Delta vecv` , is pointing opposite the velocity vector, and thus opposite the direction of the motion of the train. The acceleration vector points in the same direction as `Delta vecv` , opposite to the motion of the train.


Another example is seen with circular motion. Consider a child on a merry-go-round moving in a circle with constant speed. The acceleration of the child points towards the center of the circle, normal (perpendicular) to the child's trajectory. The velocity of the child is tangent to the circle. Here, the acceleration of the child is perpendicular to the direction of his motion, indicated by the velocity vector.

In "The Open Window," how does Mrs. Sappleton's comments about the hunters coming back contribute to the plot complications in the rising action?

Vera has set Framton Nuttel up to believe that Mrs. Sappleton's husband and her two brothers were killed exactly three years ago when they were sucked into a bog while hunting on the moor. The cunning girl has also made Framton believe that her aunt lost her mind as a result of the tragedy and for the past two years has been leaving the big French window open and waiting for the three men to return for tea. Not only that, but Saki, the author, has convinced the reader that Vera has told Framton the absolute truth.

Then when Vera's rather silly, dithering aunt appears in order to take over the hostess role from her fifteen-year-old niece, Framton naturally assumes that Mrs. Sappleton is insane. She only confirms Vera's assessment of her when:



"I hope you don't mind the open window," said Mrs. Sappleton briskly; "my husband and brothers will be home directly from shooting, and they always come in this way. They've been out for snipe in the marshes today, so they'll make a fine mess over my poor carpets. So like you menfolk, isn't it?"



Framton Nuttel, as has been well established, is suffering from a "nervous condition" and is only staying in this region as part of his "nerve cure." Vera's story about the three men being killed in a horrible manner (similar to the way the villainous Mr. Stapleton is killed in Grimpen Mire at the end of "The Hound of the Baskervilles") has already upset the nervous visitor, and Mrs. Sappleton's apparent insanity upsets him even further. Mrs. Sappleton is so positive that the three presumably dead men will be returning imminently that she plants that gruesome image indelibly in Framton's mind. Then:



"Here they are at last!" she cried. "Just in time for tea, and don't they look as if they were muddy up to the eyes!"



"Up to the eyes" is good because it makes them seem as if they have been buried in the bog for all these years. This is all told through Framton's point of view. He is seated in such a way that he cannot see the open window. He is looking at Mrs. Sappleton. Then he turns to look at Vera, expecting her to be showing by her facial expression that she shares Framton's pity and tolerance for the demented woman. But Vera is staring at the window with a totally unexpected expression.



Framton shivered slightly and turned towards the niece with a look intended to convey sympathetic comprehension. The child was staring out through the open window with a dazed horror in her eyes. 



The reader still isn't in on the joke. He thinks Vera's look of "dazed horror" is genuine. This expression on the face of the formerly "self-possessed" and apparently innocent young girl, makes Framton turn to look at the open window. And he sees what Vera expected him to see. Surely these men walking toward the open window are the dead hunters returned from the bog that killed them three years earlier!


Three ghosts would be bad enough, but three ghosts carrying guns are too much for poor Framton. He flees from the house without a word and is last seen running up the country road for his life. The reader does not realize Vera has played a trick on the visitor until Mrs. Sappleton's husband and two brothers enter through the open window and show that they are only ordinary mortals.



"Here we are, my dear," said the bearer of the white mackintosh, coming in through the window, "fairly muddy, but most of it's dry. Who was that who bolted out as we came up?"


"A most extraordinary man, a Mr. Nuttel," said Mrs. Sappleton; "could only talk about his illnesses, and dashed off without a word of goodby or apology when you arrived. One would think he had seen a ghost."


What rhetorical devices did John F. Kennedy use in his inaugural speech?

In his inaugural address, given on January 20, 1961, Kennedy most famously used the rhetorical device of chiasmus, which is a fancy way of saying that a phrase is inverted when it is repeated. When he said, "ask not what your country can do for you--ask what you can do for your country," he was using this AB-BA pattern, inverting the order of "country" and "you" the second time he used these two words. 


In...

In his inaugural address, given on January 20, 1961, Kennedy most famously used the rhetorical device of chiasmus, which is a fancy way of saying that a phrase is inverted when it is repeated. When he said, "ask not what your country can do for you--ask what you can do for your country," he was using this AB-BA pattern, inverting the order of "country" and "you" the second time he used these two words. 


In addition, Kennedy used antithesis--putting two opposing ideas next to each other. For example, in his first line, he said, "We observe not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom--symbolizing an end as well as a beginning--signifying renewal as well as change." The proximity of these opposing ideas made it clear that he was calling for a break with the past. He was at once recognizing an ending as well as celebrating a beginning that had a strong connection to the past.


Kennedy also used anaphora, or the repetition or words or phrases. For example, he said, "Let us begin anew...Let us never negotiate out of fear. But let us never fear to negotiate." The repetition of "let us" is an example of anaphora, while the "Let us know never negotiate out of fear. But let us never fear to negotiate" is another example of chiasmus. The repetition of words allowed Kennedy to place emphasis on them.


Finally, Kennedy used a great deal of alliteration, or starting two words that are close together or next to each other with the same sounds. There are many examples of alliteration in his speech, including "to friend and foe" and "a hard and bitter peace, proud.." Using alliteration made his speech more poetic and memorable.

Tuesday, October 22, 2013

What major challenges did President Washington face when he took office?

President Washington faced several changes when he took office and while he was President. One challenge he faced was in dealing with other countries. Spain and Great Britain were interfering with our trade. These countries also were encouraging the Native Americans to attack us. Great Britain, which was supposed to leave the forts in the West, failed to do so. President Washington knew we weren’t in a position to go to war against either country....

President Washington faced several changes when he took office and while he was President. One challenge he faced was in dealing with other countries. Spain and Great Britain were interfering with our trade. These countries also were encouraging the Native Americans to attack us. Great Britain, which was supposed to leave the forts in the West, failed to do so. President Washington knew we weren’t in a position to go to war against either country. Despite calls by some Americans to go to war, President Washington used diplomacy to negotiate treaties with Spain and Great Britain to resolve the issues we had with them. Jay’s Treaty was signed with Great Britain while Pinckney’s Treaty was signed with Spain.


President Washington also faced issues at home. Our country had significant debt that needed to be repaid. We also had a weak financial system since both the state governments and the federal government printed money during the days when the Articles of Confederation was our plan of government. The government under that plan was not able to tax the people. Working with his Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton, a debt plan was developed to repay our debts.


There were issues with keeping order at home. Under the plan of government created by the Articles of Confederation, the federal government had difficulty maintaining order at home. Shays Rebellion was a good example of this. President Washington made it clear the federal government would respond forcefully when disorder occurred. This was seen in his response to the Whiskey Rebellion. The federal government moved in and restored order.


President Washington faced several changes when he took office and during his two terms as President.

Y=6x-11 -3x-2y=7 solve by substitution |

When simplifying  equations that are done simultaneously it is important to make one variable the subject of the formula to simplify solving the equations. 


We already have y the subject of the formula of the one equation:


`y = 6x -11`


Now we can make y the subject of the formula for the next equation: 


`-3x -2y = 7`


`-3x-7 =2y` (apply inverse operations)


`(-3x-7)/2 = y` (apply inverse operations)


Since we have two equations, we can...

When simplifying  equations that are done simultaneously it is important to make one variable the subject of the formula to simplify solving the equations. 


We already have y the subject of the formula of the one equation:


`y = 6x -11`


Now we can make y the subject of the formula for the next equation: 


`-3x -2y = 7`


`-3x-7 =2y` (apply inverse operations)


`(-3x-7)/2 = y` (apply inverse operations)


Since we have two equations, we can now equate the two equations and solve for x: 


`6x - 11 = (-3x-7)/2`


`2(6x -11) = -3x -7` (inverse operations)


`12x - 22 = -3x -7` (multiply out)


Now get the variable x on the one side, and the constants on the other side:


`12x + 3x = -7+22` (apply inverse operations)


`15x = 15`


`x =1`


Since we know what x is, we can substitute it in the first equation as it is the easiest equation: 


`y = 6(1) -11`


`y = -5`


SUMMARY: `x = 1, y =-5`

What qualities does Aunt Polly exhibit in her behaviour towards Tom in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer?

Aunt Polly is loving and patient with her mischievous nephew Tom.


Aunt Polly is pretty much in over her head with her nephew Tom Sawyer.  Tom is not only mischievous but clever, constantly coming up with new ways to get into trouble.  Polly tries to raise him right, but she loves him so much that she finds it difficult to discipline him in the way she thinks she should.


He 'pears to know just how...

Aunt Polly is loving and patient with her mischievous nephew Tom.


Aunt Polly is pretty much in over her head with her nephew Tom Sawyer.  Tom is not only mischievous but clever, constantly coming up with new ways to get into trouble.  Polly tries to raise him right, but she loves him so much that she finds it difficult to discipline him in the way she thinks she should.



He 'pears to know just how long he can torment me before I get my dander up, and he knows if he can make out to put me off for a minute or make me laugh, it's all down again and I can't hit him a lick. (Ch. 1)



Polly feels that she isn’t doing her “duty” to Tom because she doesn’t spank him often enough.  Tom does try to avoid getting caught when he gets up to mischief, but Aunt Polly also can’t bring herself to hit him.  She is very loving and compassionate toward him because he has no parents but her.


When Polly does hit Tom for breaking the sugar bowl, he is surprised and upset because it was his brother Sid who actually broke it.  As Tom sulks, Aunt Polly tells Tom he probably deserved the punishment for something he had done that she hadn’t caught him at.  She still feels bad about hitting him though.



Then her conscience reproached her, and she yearned to say something kind and loving; but she judged that this would be construed into a confession that she had been in the wrong, and discipline forbade that. So she kept silence, and went about her affairs with a troubled heart. (Ch. 3)



Aunt Polly believes in home remedies, and often tries to give Tom potions and treatments that aren’t quite reputable.  Tom hates this, of course.  One day he gives his treatment to the cat, and when Aunt Polly sees the cat’s reaction she feels bad for even giving Tom the medicine.  She never realized how awful it was.


When Tom runs away and the whole town thinks he is dead, Aunt Polly is just happy to have him back when he shows up.  She loves him too much and missed him too much to be angry at him for running away.  Even though he is her nephew, she loves him like a son.

What did Mildred tell Montag when he asked if she had seen Clarisse?

Mildred is interesting because she is so self-involved that she doesn't really know what is going on outside of her own home. She's always watching three television screens at once, listening to her music, or sleeping. When Montag asks her about Clarisse, the girl next door, it takes Mildred a minute to grasp who he is talking about. After a little prodding by Montag, Mildred remembers who he means and says "I think she's gone....

Mildred is interesting because she is so self-involved that she doesn't really know what is going on outside of her own home. She's always watching three television screens at once, listening to her music, or sleeping. When Montag asks her about Clarisse, the girl next door, it takes Mildred a minute to grasp who he is talking about. After a little prodding by Montag, Mildred remembers who he means and says "I think she's gone. . . I meant to tell you. Forgot. Forgot" (47). Mildred forgets because she is too wrapped up in herself to remember someone else, or something as important as the following:



"The same girl. McClellan. McClellan. Run over by a car. Four days ago. I'm not sure. But I think she's dead. The family moved out anyway. I don't know. But I think she's dead" (47).



Mildred is the perfect citizen for an illiterate and hedonist society. Had she been able to tear herself away from her soap operas for one minute and taken an interest in her neighbors, she probably would have seen what Montag saw in Clarisse--life. This is just another reason why Montag feels something is wrong with their society. If someone, or a whole family, can disappear and the neighbors either don't care or don't take notice of it, there's something seriously wrong.

Is Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre a feminist novel?

Feminism advocates that social, political, and all other rights should be equal between men and women. Bronte's Jane Eyre discusses many...