What did Socrates mean by the phrase "Know Thyself"?

The phrase "know thyself" (Greek: γνῶθι σεαυτόν) was a maxim actually inscribed near the entrance to the temple of Apollo at Delphi. Although Plato has Socrates discuss it in several dialogues, he was not the originator of the phrase; instead, it was a well known maxim in his period. 

The first important element of Socrates' appropriation of the phrase has to do with his self-positioning with respect both the sophists and natural philosophers of his period....

The phrase "know thyself" (Greek: γνῶθι σεαυτόν) was a maxim actually inscribed near the entrance to the temple of Apollo at Delphi. Although Plato has Socrates discuss it in several dialogues, he was not the originator of the phrase; instead, it was a well known maxim in his period. 

The first important element of Socrates' appropriation of the phrase has to do with his self-positioning with respect both the sophists and natural philosophers of his period. At his trial, he was accused both of speculating about natural philosophy and of being a sophist. Part of how Plato refutes this is by showing him mainly to be interested in ethics and in helping people develop self-knowledge as opposed to speculating about religion or physics. 

The next aspect of the phrase is its relationship to "Socratic ignorance." Rather than claiming to have knowledge, as did the sophists, Socrates claimed to be wise only in knowing that he was ignorant. He sees knowing the limits of one's knowledge and admitting to ignorance as the first step to wisdom.

In the middle dialogues, Socrates advances the theory of recollection. According to this theory, the soul had perfect knowledge of the "forms" and the divine before it descended into the body. Thus the best way to obtain knowledge of these things is not by trusting our senses but by looking inside ourselves to recover these memories of the knowledge our soul had before we were born.

What challenges did Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. face?

Dr. King and the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950's and 60's worked for desegregation, voting rights protection for African Americans, and an end to systemic racism all across America, but specifically in the South and in the major cities of the North. They faced an entrenched culture of racism and a widespread set of laws and ordinances that enforced segregation, discrimination, and voter disenfranchisement. They faced police departments and local governments that were often...

Dr. King and the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950's and 60's worked for desegregation, voting rights protection for African Americans, and an end to systemic racism all across America, but specifically in the South and in the major cities of the North.

They faced an entrenched culture of racism and a widespread set of laws and ordinances that enforced segregation, discrimination, and voter disenfranchisement. They faced police departments and local governments that were often in collusion with the Ku Klux Klan and White Citizens' Councils, or would look the other way when racists would intimidate and beat activists. This was typified by the police department of Birmingham, Alabama, headed by Public Safety Commissioner Eugene "Bull" Connor, who notoriously turned German shepherds and water cannons on children and students who were marching peacefully for desegregation.

Most seriously, Dr. King and his supporters faced the threat of serious injury and death. The KKK bombed many homes and churches during that time period, including Dr. King's. He personally received death threats by telephone and by letter. And in 1968, he died by assassination at the age of 39.

To face these monumental challenges, Dr. King openly relied on his faith as a Christian, especially when the threats and intimidation got him down. He talked about a particular moment during the Montgomery Bus Boycott when he was despondent because of the hate being directed at him and his family, in a speech called "Why Jesus Called a Man a Fool," which you can hear here:

His struggle wasn't in vain. He raised the issues of the Black community to national consciousness, helped win the Civil Rights Acts of 1964/1968 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and his speeches, sermons, and writings continue to inspire people all over the world to fight for the right thing regardless of the odds.

I am having difficulty identifying W.E.B. De Bois' tone in The Souls of Black Folk. I am not sure if the tone is the same thing as the authors...

It is certainly possible for a book to have more than one tone, and DuBois is at times scholarly, strident, argumentative, and elegaic in The Souls of Black Folk.Part of this is because the book is really a collection of essays, but it is also true that DuBois portrays life behind the "color line" as complex and contradictory.  In his chapter entitled "Of Mr. Booker T. Washington and Others," for example, he is highly...

It is certainly possible for a book to have more than one tone, and DuBois is at times scholarly, strident, argumentative, and elegaic in The Souls of Black Folk. Part of this is because the book is really a collection of essays, but it is also true that DuBois portrays life behind the "color line" as complex and contradictory.  In his chapter entitled "Of Mr. Booker T. Washington and Others," for example, he is highly critical of Washington's approach to race relations, which he deems overly submissive and ultimately self-destructive. Elsewhere, as in "The Meaning of Progress," he is sad and mournful:

How hard a thing is life to the lowly, and yet how human and real! And all this life and love and strife and failure,—is it the twilight of nightfall or the flush of some faint-dawning day?

If there is one word that describes the book, however, it would be something like "sad". Sadness is a constant theme of The Souls of Black Folk, and it is important to remember that the book was written near the low point of race relations in American history. Lynchings and so-called "race riots" were rampant in the South, the Supreme Court gave constitutional protection to Jim Crow laws in Plessy v. Ferguson, and African-Americans in the South entered the twentieth century having been almost totally disenfranchised by literacy tests, poll taxes, and intimidation. So it makes sense that DuBois would look back ruefully and with outrage on the development of what he calls the "color line." He even questions at one point whether his child, who died as an infant, was not better off than if he had lived to grow to adulthood as a black man. Yet in his final chapter, DuBois concludes on a hopeful note, if one that acknowledges the sadness of the black experience in America:

If somewhere in this whirl and chaos of things there dwells Eternal Good, pitiful yet masterful, then anon in His good time America shall rend the Veil and the prisoned shall go free. 

What are some quotes from The Outsiders that are about Sodapop? How do they fit or accentuate his personality?

Soda is fun and handsome, and everybody loves him.

Soda is Pony’s older brother.  He is kind and compassionate and Pony is closer to him than to their older brother Darry.  The three boys have been alone since their parents died in a car crash, with Darry taking care of them and playing the role of the parent.  Pony comments that Soda is different from everybody else.

I love Soda more than I've ever loved...

Soda is fun and handsome, and everybody loves him.

Soda is Pony’s older brother.  He is kind and compassionate and Pony is closer to him than to their older brother Darry.  The three boys have been alone since their parents died in a car crash, with Darry taking care of them and playing the role of the parent.  Pony comments that Soda is different from everybody else.

I love Soda more than I've ever loved anyone, even Mom and Dad. He's always happy-go-lucky and grinning, while Darry's hard and firm and rarely grins at all. But then, Darry's gone through a lot in his twenty years, grown up too fast. Sodapop'll never grow up at all. (Ch. 1)

Soda is so kind and carefree that everyone else loves him too.  When he meets Cherry and her friend Marcia at the movies, they know who Soda is because he works at a convenience store.  Even Soda’s appearance seems to signify how easy-going he is.

He's got dark-gold hair that he combs back--- long and silky and straight--- and in the summer the sun bleaches it to a shining wheat gold. His eyes are dark brown--- lively, dancing, recklessly laughing eyes that can be gentle and sympathetic one moment and blazing with anger the next. He has Dad's eyes, but Soda is one of a kind. (Ch. 1)

Soda is more than just one of the gang.  Everyone loves him as much as Pony.  Soda is unique.  He rode in rodeos and loved horses.  His father made him give it up when he got hurt.  Soda dropped out of school, and he doesn’t like books or movies, but he loves life.

Cherry says that Soda is “a doll.”  The girls seem to like him—all girls.

I don't like to go on weekends because then there is usually a bunch of girls down there flirting with Soda--- all kinds of girls, Socs too. I don't care too much for girls yet. Soda says I'll grow out of it. He did. (Ch. 2)

Pony admires Soda and looks up to him.  Since he has so many problems with Darry, Pony finds solace in Soda.  Darry also seems to love Soda more than him, because he never yells at Soda the way he yells at Pony.  Darry probably figures that Soda is done, but Pony is young enough that he still needs work.

What impacts did the French and English imperialism have on the Native American tribes? (Need in-depth answer please) Thanks!

French and British imperialism had an impact on the Native American tribes. When the French colonized North America they began to develop relationships with the Native Americans. The French traded with the Native Americans. For example, the fur trade was very lucrative. The French also didn’t want to take away the lands of the Native Americans. They married them and converted them to Christianity.

The British posed a more serious threat to the Native Americans....

French and British imperialism had an impact on the Native American tribes. When the French colonized North America they began to develop relationships with the Native Americans. The French traded with the Native Americans. For example, the fur trade was very lucrative. The French also didn’t want to take away the lands of the Native Americans. They married them and converted them to Christianity.

The British posed a more serious threat to the Native Americans. The British wanted their lands and had more conflicts with the Native Americans. Additionally, the British used some Native Americans as slaves. For these reasons, most Native American tribes sided with France in the French and Indian War. Relationships deteriorated after Great Britain won the French and Indian War. Most conflicts and battles occurred between the British and the Native Americans.

One negative impact that European imperialism had on the Native Americans was that the Europeans brought diseases to which the Native Americans had no immunity. Many Native Americans died from these diseases when they were first exposed to them.

British and French imperialism impacted the Native Americans.

Discuss how Canada responded to world issues from 1960-1988.

If I were to write an essay about Canada's postwar foreign policy, I would probably compare Canada to a younger brother. This would not be an insult to Canadians because everybody loves their younger brother, especially when the younger brother is less aggressive. The reason that I would make this analogy is because Canada was a relatively new player on the international stage after World War II. It was a colony of England before the 1930's and could not conduct foreign policy. Because of its close proximity to the United States and its imperial ties with Great Britain (the older brothers), Canada's foreign policy identity during the Cold War closely mirrored those countries. Canada made it a point to always fight against tyranny and to protect democracy and freedoms around the world. They were charter members of the United Nations and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and were valued members who honored their alliances. As members of these organizations, they defended capitalism and democracy during the Cold War.

Like most younger brothers, Canada wanted to get out of the considerable shadows that were cast by their more established older brothers. Canada has deliberately attempted to secure a reputation for being a pragmatic, peacekeeping presence on the international stage. In an effort to project this image, Canada has not always agreed with some of the actions of the United States. As an example, Canada maintained cordial economic and diplomatic ties with Cuba after Fidel Castro's communist regime took power. This ran counter to the policy of the United States towards Cuba. While Canada did assist the United States in its fight against communism in Vietnam, they were vocal in their opposition to the war at many junctures. In fact, Canada's role in the war was mostly as a mediator and humanitarian.

Canada was very active in the United Nations in the decades of the 1960's and 1970's. Their role with the United Nations in Congo, Syria, and Cyprus was less combative and more peacekeeping. Canada attempted to moderate resolutions between the warring factions. For this reason, Canada is viewed as a country of peace, which is different than how many in the world viewed the United States. This reputation is a source of pride to Canadians and an obvious difference in how most of the world views Canada's "older brothers."

Despite these differences, Canada remains a vital member of the family of the West. Many of the economic and political interests of the United States are closely tied to those of Canada. While Canada is important to its Allies, it has managed to forge its own reputation in the world.

What makes Gwen likable in Freak the mighty?

The main thing that makes Gwen likable in Freak the Mightyis that she continues to love, nurture, and stick with Kevin for his entire life. Keep in mind that Loretta tells us that Kevin’s dad was labeled a “magician” because he “heard the words birth defect and disappeared.” While Kevin’s dad chose escape, Kevin’s mom chose perseverance. Gwen is a survivor and fully deserves the name “Fair Gwen” like the queen in the King...

The main thing that makes Gwen likable in Freak the Mighty is that she continues to love, nurture, and stick with Kevin for his entire life. Keep in mind that Loretta tells us that Kevin’s dad was labeled a “magician” because he “heard the words birth defect and disappeared.” While Kevin’s dad chose escape, Kevin’s mom chose perseverance. Gwen is a survivor and fully deserves the name “Fair Gwen” like the queen in the King Arthur legend.

Gwen is also a good person in other ways. We know this because of her first interactions with Max. Gwen’s first instinct is to protect Kevin from the boy who not only looks just like his criminal father but also used to bully kids in daycare. After Gwen removes Kevin from Max’s basement, she obviously talks to Kevin and learns Max’s true character. Gwen immediately apologizes, admits she is “delighted” the two boys are friends, and invites Max over for dinner. This entire scene shows Gwen to be a really likable character: a good person who is willing to admit her mistakes.

If any teacher here specializes in literature, I want some original subjects for research projects.

Generally, original literary research projects are quite narrow in scope and respond to an existing gap or problem in the study of literature. Since the only way to figure out what has not been done is to be intimately familiar with what has been done, the more broadly and deeply you read in your chosen literary field, the more likely you are to arrive at original ideas.

The first thing you should consider when selecting...

Generally, original literary research projects are quite narrow in scope and respond to an existing gap or problem in the study of literature. Since the only way to figure out what has not been done is to be intimately familiar with what has been done, the more broadly and deeply you read in your chosen literary field, the more likely you are to arrive at original ideas.

The first thing you should consider when selecting an area for research is your own skills and knowledge. As there are many literary critics writing about English-language literature, as well as about literatures associated with major western languages, if you know a language with a small number of native speakers, that would provide opportunities to do original work. 

Even within English, the best known authors tend to be widely covered in existing criticism. It is quite difficult to do original work on Shakespeare or Chaucer because thousands of books and articles have already been written on these authors; you are more likely to be original in writing about less well known authors. 

The type of research most likely to be original is that which works with rare archival materials. For example, many newspapers print reviews of books and plays; some also print poems and other literary works. You might look at a single local newspaper published in your town and read through a full year's print run and then do an analysis of all the literary materials that appeared in that newspaper over a year. Such a study would reveal the popularity of and attitudes about many types of literary works. Another possibility would be looking at a single day over a period of fifty years, say 14 February 1900 to 2000. You might use such research to talk about shifting literary visions of love over that period. 

In the poem “Still I Rise,” Maya Angelou compares herself to “moons” and “suns.” What do you think she wants to convey through these...

Most importantly, these comparisons resonate with unflinching optimism and fierce determination. They imply that although the poet Maya Angelou is a black woman, she’s not prepared to undergo a life of oppression that has been her ancestors’ for ages. She has already set her goals:

Just like moons and like suns,With the certainty of tides,Just like hopes springing high,Still I'll rise.

Through ages, the sun and the moon have been the most...

Most importantly, these comparisons resonate with unflinching optimism and fierce determination. They imply that although the poet Maya Angelou is a black woman, she’s not prepared to undergo a life of oppression that has been her ancestors’ for ages. She has already set her goals:

Just like moons and like suns,
With the certainty of tides,
Just like hopes springing high,
Still I'll rise.

Through ages, the sun and the moon have been the most common metaphors to describe the peak of success or triumph. So, when Maya says she rises “like moons and like suns,” she gives her oppressors a glimpse of her vigorous ambitions.

The chains of racism have bound the blacks from exercising and enjoying the basic human rights for ages. The uncompromising poet is, however, hell-bent on having everything that’s been denied to the blacks so far. 

Innumerable African-Americans had endured insufferable torture through ages. She inherits the dream of freedom as an ancestral gift. She takes it as her responsibility to fulfil their dream and make their sacrifices meaningful.

That’s why she’s determined to come “out of the huts of history's shame” “leaving behind nights of terror and fear,” and rise “like moons and like suns.”

In Chapter 24 of To Kill A Mockingbird, why does Miss Maudie get so angry at Mrs. Merriweather?

In Chapter 24 of To Kill A Mockingbird,some of the women in Maycomb are gathered at Scout's house as Aunt Alexandra hosts them with Calpurnia's help. Mrs. Merriweather, who Scout describes as "the most devout lady in Maycomb," (page 234; page numbers vary according to the edition), spends some time speaking about her favorite missionary activity, and then she starts criticizing Atticus without referring to him by name. Miss Maudie becomes angry when Mrs....

In Chapter 24 of To Kill A Mockingbird, some of the women in Maycomb are gathered at Scout's house as Aunt Alexandra hosts them with Calpurnia's help. Mrs. Merriweather, who Scout describes as "the most devout lady in Maycomb," (page 234; page numbers vary according to the edition), spends some time speaking about her favorite missionary activity, and then she starts criticizing Atticus without referring to him by name. Miss Maudie becomes angry when Mrs. Merriweather criticizes Atticus's defense of Tom Robinson.

While eating food in Atticus's house, Mrs. Merriweather says:

To Kill A Mockingbird

"I tell you there are some good but misguided people in this town. Good, but misguided. Folks in this town who think they’re doing right, I mean. Now far be it from me to say who, but some of ‘em in this town thought they were doing the right thing a while back, but all they did was stir ’em up" (page 236; page numbers may vary). 

Mrs. Merriweather is referring to Atticus's insistence that Tom Robinson, an African-American man, have a fair trial in a southern town that regards African-Americans as people who do not merit these types of rights. She believes that this type of action, while perhaps guided by good morals, has instead given the African-American community the wrong idea. She fears that they are "stirred up," meaning that they might start agitating for their rights. 

In response, Miss Maudie says, “His food doesn’t stick going down, does it?” (page 237; page numbers may vary). This line means that Mrs. Merriweather is eating Atticus's food happily without choking on it while she is criticizing him. Miss Maudie points out Mrs. Merriweather's hypocrisy in eating Atticus's food while speaking ill of him. 

Items are available in the following order to fit into bins of capacity 10. Using FIRST-FIT, put the items into the appropriate bins: 6 5 3 6 4 2 5 1

The first-fit allocation technique uses a list of free blocks. When an item is required to be placed in a block, the first free block in the list that is large enough to accommodate the item is chosen. If adding the item leaves a large free space, the block is split and the remainder is added as a new block to the list.

For bins of capacity 10, the given items of size 6, 5, 3, 6, 4, 2, 5, 1 can be placed as follows. The free block list is 10, 10, 10, 10...

The first item of size 6 is placed in the first free bin on the list, the remainder 4 is added as a separate bin in the free bock list. The list is now 4, 10, 10, 10...

As 5 cannot be accommodated in a bin with size 4, it is placed in the next free bin and a new block of size 5 added to the list. The new list is 4, 5, 10, 10... The next item of size 3 is placed in the first bin of size 4, the remainder 1 is added to the free list which changes to 1, 5, 10, 10...

The next item of size 6 is placed in the third free bin on the list which then changes to 1, 5, 4, 10, 10...

The next item of size 4 is added to the second bin on the list which changes to 1, 1, 4, 10, 10... The next item is added to the third bin and the list changed to 1, 1, 2, 10, 10... The next item is placed in the fourth bin and the list changed to 1, 1, 2, 5, 10, 10...

The last item is placed in the first bin as it can accommodate the item.

Comment on the ending of the novel Three Men in a Boat.

The three friends—J., George, and Harris—and the dog Montmorency have embarked on a boating trip along the River Thames. They planned to take two weeks to go upriver from Kingston to Oxford, and then to turn around and head back downstream. Even though they had gleefully left London in order to get a restful vacation, they were not too big on adventure. After all, they had decided before they set out that they would find...

The three friends—J., George, and Harris—and the dog Montmorency have embarked on a boating trip along the River Thames. They planned to take two weeks to go upriver from Kingston to Oxford, and then to turn around and head back downstream. Even though they had gleefully left London in order to get a restful vacation, they were not too big on adventure. After all, they had decided before they set out that they would find inns to stay in overnight, if the weather got bad. All of them were easily distracted, too. So it shouldn’t surprise us that in the end, and in the middle of a steady and prolonged rainstorm, the four of them make a group decision that will lead them back to London a bit quicker than expected. And naturally, they agree that they have had “a pleasant trip.” Life is what you make of it.

I need a detailed explanation of the 4 stanzas of the poem "Five Ways to Kill a Man" by Edwin Brock.

"Five Ways to Kill a Man" by Edwin Brock is a five-stanza poem written in free verse, consisting of four long stanzas and one short stanza. It is written in the first person. An anonymous narrator addresses an unnamed second person ("you"). The rhetorical situation appears to be one in which the narrator is advising a second person on methods of killing, describing almost scientifically which are the most effective technologies of killing and providing detailed examples and descriptions from four different periods.

The initial line of the first stanza suggests that the speaker is mainly focused on how older methods of killing were inefficient, marred by unnecessary ritual and excessive staffing and equipment; the speaker introduces the poem with the statement:

There are many cumbersome ways to kill a man.

The first stanza of the poem continues to describe the crucifixion of Jesus Christ. The speaker recounts many of the details found in the New Testament, but from the viewpoint not of a believer or even a sympathetic skeptic, but merely as one almost reciting a recipe concerning how the crucifixion was conducted.

The second stanza of the poem portrays medieval jousting in which knights charged one another on horseback with lances. The speaker portrays this as also inefficient, requiring aristocratic pomp and ceremony.

The third stanza describes an even more efficient way of killing, namely the chemical warfare used in World War I, in which mustard gas was dropped on troops, leading them to die slowly and painfully in large numbers. The narrator appears to consider this method more efficient but still messy, harming the landscape.

The narrator appears to admire the efficiency of modern atomic warfare in which:

In an age of aeroplanes, you may fly

miles above your victim and dispose of him

by pressing one small switch.

The final stanza suggests that in the post-World War II world of mutually assured destruction, humanity is racing to its own destruction without any need for outside intervention. 

Martin Luther King, Jr., became a leader in the Civil Rights Movement by doing things that no one else had tried before. What gives you the...

To answer this question for yourself, think about something you have done that other people weren't doing. It doesn't have to be something that no one in the world has ever done before. It could be the fact that no one in your family ever wanted to own a dog, and you were the first to get a pet dog. It could be there was a group project at school or in a club you are part of that no one else was volunteering to lead, so you stepped up to lead it. Once you have thought of a situation where you "went out on a limb" and out of your comfort zone, think about what motivated or inspired you to do that. When you think about it, you may find that, like many other people, two things provided you with the inspiration or willpower to take on a task that others had not. 

First, you probably became aware of a felt need, and that need stirred up emotions in you--perhaps sympathy or maybe anger. This was certainly the case for Martin Luther King, Jr. In his day, black people were suffering under unjust laws and discrimination, causing him to feel sympathy for those who were being mistreated and anger at the unjust legal system of the Southern states. In the case of adopting a dog, it might be seeing the sad look in the eyes of an animal at the Humane Society and feeling sorry for it. Or when volunteering to take on a project, it might be that your group members need someone to take charge, and you want to help.

Second, you probably took stock of your strengths and realized that you were well suited to the task in question. You believed you could be a loving master to a dog, or you felt you had the ideas and communication skills to lead a group. For Martin Luther King, Jr., he probably recognized his leadership skills and his ability to make a good argument and express his ideas in ways that inspired others. 

Depending on how significant the task is that a person is taking on, a person can also be motivated by a feeling that he or she is called to do a certain type of work. Some people feel a sense of destiny, and others who are people of faith may feel that God wants them to take on a project. Martin Luther King, Jr., was a Baptist minister, so faith was an important part of his life and certainly played a role in his ability to persevere in his goals even when the way was rough. 

You may find that other things, such as the encouragement of family or friends, was also helpful to you in trying something new. But becoming aware of a need that stirs your emotions and believing you have the skills the task requires are two factors that probably helped you attempt what others did not try. 

How was Tom killed? What is the explanation for Tom's attempted escape?

In chapter 24 we learn of Tom's death. After he was found guilty of raping Mayella, Tom is sent to prison. Atticus had reassured him that he believed he could win the appeal. However, Tom knew that being a black convicted of a crime against a white woman, that he stood no real chance of winning an appeal. Tom decided that escaping was his only way to freedom.

Atticus goes to get Calpurnia and tells...

In chapter 24 we learn of Tom's death. After he was found guilty of raping Mayella, Tom is sent to prison. Atticus had reassured him that he believed he could win the appeal. However, Tom knew that being a black convicted of a crime against a white woman, that he stood no real chance of winning an appeal. Tom decided that escaping was his only way to freedom.

Atticus goes to get Calpurnia and tells her, Scout and Aunt Alexandra what had happened. 

"They shot him," said Atticus. "He was running. It was during their exercise period. They said he just broke into a blind raving charge at the fence and started climbing over. Right in front of them-"

"Didn't they try to stop him? Didn't they give him any warning?" Aunt Alexandra's voice shook.

"Oh yes, the guards called to him to stop. They fired a few shots in the air, then to kill. They got him just as he went over the fence, They said if he'd had two good arms he'd have made it, he was moving that fast. Seventeen bullet holes in him. They didn't have to shoot him that much. Cal, I want you to come out me and help me tell Helen."

The guards try to say that they warned Tom to stop but he didn't. The fact that they shot him seventeen times is a really good indication that what they guards were saying wasn't true. Tom was just another black person to them.

Although the proportions change among historians, it is generally agreed that the American colonists were profoundly divided in their support of...

At the outset of the American Revolution, Loyalists and Patriots both had compelling reasons for their beliefs. Loyalists believed that they were part of the British Empire and that remaining part of this empire was their duty as British citizens. In a similar vein, they believed that they were responsible for paying for the French and Indian War (or Seven Years' War) that had ended in 1763. The debts stemming from this war were part of the reason that Britain had decided to re-enforce the Navigation Acts that controlled trade between Britain and the colonies (after many years of not enforcing these acts). In addition, the British crown decided to tax the colonies to pay for the war. After all, the Loyalists argued, the war had been intended to help British colonists by dislodging the French from lands east of the Appalachian Mountains.

In addition, the Loyalists argued, they had representation in the British Parliament in the way all British citizens did. While they weren't represented directly in the Parliament, the system of British representation did not allow for this direct kind of representation. In this sense, the colonists were similar to all other British citizens. Perhaps most importantly, cultural ties kept some colonists loyal to Britain. They were British, and many were members of the Church of England.

The Patriots had political and economic arguments to support the idea that they should break away from England. Much of their reasoning came from the Enlightenment and the idea of the social contract, written about by Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and others. The idea of the social contract is that the government must represent the needs of the governed and that people have certain inalienable or natural rights, referring to rights that are inborn and cannot be taken away. Many Patriots believed that the colonists deserved direct representation in Parliament. In addition, many of their colonial legislatures had become quite powerful, and they were used to this level of representation in government.

The Patriots also had commercial arguments. The Proclamation of 1763, issued by the British king, had prevented the colonists' movement roughly beyond the area west of the Appalachian Mountains after the French and Indian War, and many colonists wanted to expand west for new economic opportunities (many Patriots also saw the Proclamation of 1763 as curtailing their political rights). Patriots were also opposed to re-enforcement of the Navigation Acts, which said that trade between the colonies and Britain had to be carried on British ships. They protested against other forms of taxation and British power, including such acts as the Stamp Act (later repealed) and other acts, such as the Declaratory Act (which said the British Parliament could make laws that the colonies had to follow) and Quartering Act (which required colonists to provide accommodations for British soldiers). These acts, they thought, stymied colonial business and were also forms of the British king overreaching in the exercise of his rights. As the events before the Revolution unfolded, the colonists were angered by the British responses, such as the Boston Massacre of 1770, in which British soldiers killed several colonists in a fight. This event angered the colonists. 

No matter which side a person takes, he or she should carefully consider the arguments of the other side. It was likely a difficult choice to make and one that had cultural, political, and economic arguments behind it. 

Is it possible to produce clones of animals? Explain how this can occur both naturally and artificially.

When an organism reproduces asexually, its offspring will be its clone. That is because the offspring only receives its DNA from a single parent.

An example of a naturally occurring cloneis when a hydra forms a bud. This bud can break off and live independently of its parent. However, it is genetically identical to the parent and therefore a clone. Sponges can also reproduce by budding. Anything that reproduces with a single parent produces...

When an organism reproduces asexually, its offspring will be its clone. That is because the offspring only receives its DNA from a single parent.

An example of a naturally occurring clone is when a hydra forms a bud. This bud can break off and live independently of its parent. However, it is genetically identical to the parent and therefore a clone. Sponges can also reproduce by budding. Anything that reproduces with a single parent produces identical offspring and thus, a clone. Another example of naturally producing a clone is starfish regeneration. If an arm is removed with a portion of the central disk, it will grow into a complete starfish and is a clone of the original starfish. Binary fission in bacteria and sporulation in molds are also natural ways in which clones are produced of a parent.

Through artificial methods, cloning is also possible. Dolly the sheep was the first successful clone of an adult mammal. This was accomplished in 1996. A donor cell was taken from an adult sheep's udder. This was a diploid cell with a complete genetic blueprint. Next, an egg cell was enucleated, which means its DNA was removed. Using electric shock, the two cells were fused. This cell began to undergo mitotic divisions. The embryo that formed was implanted in a surrogate mother's uterus where it developed into a cloned lamb. This clone was genetically identical to the sheep whose udder cell provided the DNA.

In "Mending Wall," what does Robert Frost portray the hunters as?

In Frost's poem "Mending Wall," the speaker says that nature does not love a stone wall and will gradually tear it down. Ice creates gaps in the stones and the unfreezing topples them from the wall. 

The speaker then mentions that there are also man-made reasons a wall falls apart. He has had to replace stones in his wall that have been torn apart by hunters in their desperate attempts to catch their prey. The...

In Frost's poem "Mending Wall," the speaker says that nature does not love a stone wall and will gradually tear it down. Ice creates gaps in the stones and the unfreezing topples them from the wall. 

The speaker then mentions that there are also man-made reasons a wall falls apart. He has had to replace stones in his wall that have been torn apart by hunters in their desperate attempts to catch their prey. The speaker says that "they [the hunters] would have the rabbit out of hiding,/To please the yelping dogs." This line suggests that the hunters are cruel because they only want to kill the rabbit so their hunting dogs are happy and that they are casually indifferent to the hard work of keeping the wall maintained. The hunters do not think about their destruction of the wall; they simply focus on their immediate pleasure. Frost's characterization of these hunters suggests that they are representative of all mankind. Just as nature works to destroy the wall, men destroy the wall - for the speaker, a necessary thing - through ignorance and cruelty. 

What is the history behind the bloodstain, and why did the ghost take great efforts to repair it?

Early in Oscar Wilde’s novella The Canterville Ghost, the Otis family is being shown through the estate of the Canterville family, a large, palatial home with a library befitting the aristocracic lineage of the Canterville family. That history, however, includes the murder of Lady Eleanor Canterville at the hands of her husband, the titular character who now haunts the estate. It is while touring the library that Mrs. Otis notices the bloodstain on the floor near the fireplace. Her discovery precipitates a series of actions and reactions that demonstrates the ghost of Sir Simon de Canterville’s appreciation for family history and the imperative of maintaining the home precisely as it existed upon his demise.

The Canterville Ghost is about the interactions between an American family lacking the history and eccentricities of the English and the ghost that haunts the house in which they are residing. It is from the stark contrast between the ghost’s “Old World” ways and the Otis family’s “New World” pragmatism that Wilde’s narrative derives its humor. The Canterville Ghost makes telling observations regarding the “old” and “new” worlds, and the bloodstain serves as one of the story’s main instruments with which the author illustrates those contrasts.

The bloodstain, as the elderly housekeeper Mrs. Umney states, was from the death of Lady Eleanor Canterville at the hands of her husband, Sir Simon, now a ghost condemned to haunt the structure. The bloodstain has since become a colorful feature of the home until the Otis family enters the picture. Ignoring Mrs. Umney’s observation that “the blood-stain has been much admired by tourists and others, and cannot be removed," the family immediately prepares to remove the blood from the floor using modern cleaning formulas. As the story continues, however, the bloodstain reappears every morning after being removed by the Otis’s, a fact eventually attributed to the ghost’s tenacity in preserving the bloodstain as a landmark. Indeed, undoing the Otis family’s repeated efforts at permanently removing the stain remains the ghost’s obsession, continuing his efforts even when feeling sick (“For some days after this he was extremely ill, and hardly stirred out of his room at all, except to keep the blood-stain in proper repair.”) As Wilde’s narrator points out, the ghost even targets Washington Otis for special treatment because of the latter’s role in continuously removing the new stains.

The reappearance of the “bloodstain" every morning, as the reader discovers, is the product of the ghost’s use of the Otis children’s paints to fabricate a new stain, which explains the stain’s evolving colors. Eventually, however, the ghost tires of this exercise, having succumbed to the children’s taunts and tricks:

“The next day the ghost was very weak and tired. The terrible excitement of the last four weeks was beginning to have its effect. His nerves were completely shattered, and he started at the slightest noise. For five days he kept his room, and at last made up his mind to give up the point of the blood-stain on the library floor. If the Otis family did not want it, they clearly did not deserve it. They were evidently people on a low, material plane of existence, and quite incapable of appreciating the symbolic value of sensuous phenomena.”

The ghost continues to repair the bloodstain because it is, to him and to the housekeeper, a part of the house’s character. Americans, the ghost concludes, lack the upper-class sensibilities of the English aristocracy. They are unrefined and undeserving of the heritage the bloodstain represents.

How long ago and in what part of the year did Mae Tuck ride to the wood?

Mae Tuck and her husband, Angus Tuck, return to the sleepy village of Treegap every ten years.  The couple always heads back toward Treegap during the summer.  Specifically, Mae and Angus head back on August first.  

And so, at dawn, that day in the first week of August, Mae Tuck woke up and lay for a while beaming at the cobwebs on the ceiling. . . "Anyways, it's ten years since I went to...

Mae Tuck and her husband, Angus Tuck, return to the sleepy village of Treegap every ten years.  The couple always heads back toward Treegap during the summer.  Specifically, Mae and Angus head back on August first.  

And so, at dawn, that day in the first week of August, Mae Tuck woke up and lay for a while beaming at the cobwebs on the ceiling. . . "Anyways, it's ten years since I went to Treegap. No one'll remember me. I'll ride in at sunset, just to the wood. I won't go into the village. But, even if someone did see me, they won't remember. They never did before, now, did they?"

It's possible that the above quote is not enough proof, since a reader might think that it might be ten years this time around.  But the text mentions several times that the Tuck family gets together at the spring in Treegap, during the first week of August, every ten years.  

"But they come home whenever the spirit moves, and every ten years, first week of August, they meet at the spring and come home together so's we can be a family again for a little while."

The above quote is spoken by Mae and the "they" that she is talking about is Miles and Jesse Tuck, her two sons.  It has been 87 years since the Tuck family drank from the magic spring water that gave them immortality.  The family had to separate themselves and move away in order to avoid suspicion, but every 10 years during the first week of August, they get back together for a family reunion. 

What is the role of Atticus in the children's relationship to Boo Radley in To Kill a Mockingbird?

The children are fascinated with Boo Radley, but Atticus tells him to leave them alone.

The entire town of Maycomb seems obsessed with Boo Radley.  He is a recluse who has not left his house since he was a teenager.  He has kind of a checkered past, but he is basically harmless and Atticus knows it.  He tells his children to leave it alone when they ask about Boo.

He said Atticus never talked much about the Radleys: when Jem would question him Atticus’s only answer was for him to mind his own business and let the Radleys mind theirs, they had a right to; but when it happened Jem said Atticus shook his head and said, “Mm, mm, mm.” (Ch. 1)

When Dill comes to Maycomb, he is passionately curious about Boo Radley.  He decides that Boo Radley is just misunderstood, and wants to make him come out.  The children always enjoyed acting out stories in the yard, and Boo Radley becomes a favorite.  Atticus does not approve.  He feels that the Radleys have faced enough trouble, and forbids his children from re-enacting their story on the lawn.

The children do not forget about Boo Radley.  They do not tell Atticus about the gifts he leaves for them in the tree, but they do ask him if Nathan told them the truth about the tree being sick when he cemented the knot hole.  Atticus is again evasive, not wanting his children to be near the Radley place.

Dill gets the idea of leaving a note for Boo, and they try to get it to him. Dill holds a bell to warn them if Atticus comes by, and Jem does not succeed in leaving the note.  He shows it to Atticus, who asks why the children are so intent on getting him to come out.

Dill said, “We thought he might enjoy us…” and dried up when Atticus looked at him.

“Son,” he said to Jem, “I’m going to tell you something and tell you one time: stop tormenting that man. That goes for the other two of you.” (Ch. 5)

Atticus tells them that Boo and the Radleys deserve their privacy.  This does not stop them.  They want to get a peek at Boo.  They try doing it at night when they won’t be seen.  Unfortunately, Jem loses his pants.  He tells Atticus that he was playing strip poker, and sneaks out to get them later.  He finds that Boo sewed them up so he would not get in trouble.

The transition in their relationship with Boo Radley and Atticus’s part in it happens when Scout finds a blanket on her shoulders during the fire at Miss Maudie’s house.  Jem immediately spills everything to Atticus, worried that he will tell Nathan Radley about the blanket and get Boo in trouble.  Atticus understands.

It was obvious that he had not followed a word Jem said, for all Atticus said was, “You’re right.  We’d better keep this and the blanket to ourselves. Someday, maybe, Scout can thank him for covering her up.” (Ch. 8)

Atticus does tell Jem not to let the incident with the blanket inspire him to “further glory.”  He wants the children to leave Boo alone.  In the end, it is Boo who saves them, from Bob Ewell.  Scout is very polite to him.  Atticus responds by thanking Boo for his children.

How old is Vera in the short story "The Open Window"?

Saki specifies Vera's age in the opening sentence of the story.

"My aunt will be down presently, Mr. Nuttel," said a very self-possessed young lady of fifteen; "in the meantime you must try and put up with me."

The author needed to have someone set Framton Nuttel up for the shock he was going to receive when he saw the three hunters approaching the open window. Vera is appropriate for this purpose for several reasons....

Saki specifies Vera's age in the opening sentence of the story.

"My aunt will be down presently, Mr. Nuttel," said a very self-possessed young lady of fifteen; "in the meantime you must try and put up with me."

The author needed to have someone set Framton Nuttel up for the shock he was going to receive when he saw the three hunters approaching the open window. Vera is appropriate for this purpose for several reasons. She is just old enough to be credible, yet just young enough to have the mischievous spirit common among many girls. Being a Victorian girl, Vera has no freedom. She is stuck in this big house with nothing to do. She must spend much of her time reading. And because she is so bored, she probably reads escapist literature by writers like H. Ryder Haggard and Rudyard Kipling, which is where she could get ideas about men being sucked into bogs and being chased by pariah dogs in India. She has a good imagination, but she could not have imagined those graveyard dogs without some input. Girls her age are also very good at making faces, and we can imagine her faked look of goggle-eyed horror when she sees the hunters approaching.

Vera probably resents being used as a substitute hostess. She suspects she is being trained for the kind of life that is in store for her when she gets married and turns into a sort of basket case like her Aunt Sappleton, who has been brainwashed by listening to nothing but male talk about killing birds for many years. Vera is rebellious and takes it out on poor Framton Nuttel. Instead of playing the "good hostess" as expected, she becomes the hostess from hell.

Vera is motivated by boredom. She has heard the same things so many times that she knows precisely what her aunt is going to say when she gets down and knows that one of the hunters will start singing, "I said, Bertie, why do you bound?" Vera wants some excitement in her life, and she has to provide it herself.

Investigate the effects of a growing population on the air quality of a particular place.

Human beings breathe in air and exhale carbon dioxide. Our bodies (more specifically, our cells) consume oxygen present in the air and generate carbon dioxide through cellular respiration. While plants also respire to an extent, through photosynthesis they consume carbon dioxide and produce oxygen.

If the population of a particular place is increasing, we will find that the air quality (generally) will be deteriorating. For a growing population, more infrastructure and utilities are needed. For...

Human beings breathe in air and exhale carbon dioxide. Our bodies (more specifically, our cells) consume oxygen present in the air and generate carbon dioxide through cellular respiration. While plants also respire to an extent, through photosynthesis they consume carbon dioxide and produce oxygen.

If the population of a particular place is increasing, we will find that the air quality (generally) will be deteriorating. For a growing population, more infrastructure and utilities are needed. For example, more houses, more roads (or wider roads), more electricity, water, etc. are required for a growing population. These developments generally come at the expense of green cover or plants. If that were to happen, we would have less production of oxygen and less removal of carbon dioxide. Even if plants are not removed, a larger population means more quantity of carbon dioxide will be generated, while the plant population will stay more or less the same. A higher population will also mean more fuel consumption and consequently a higher generation of gases (such as carbon dioxide, nitrogenous and/or sulfurous gases, etc.).

All of these effects will combine to reduce the air quality of the region.

Hope this helps.  

What are 3 ways Esperanza learns to always remember where she came from?

In "Bums in the Attic," Esperanza relates how her parents take her to look at large houses on hills on Sundays. She criticizes people who live in those houses because they know nothing of the suffering of her people in the inner-city. They don't know about garbage or rats, for example. She promises that when she owns her own house one day, she will let bums stay in the attic "because I know how it is to...

In "Bums in the Attic," Esperanza relates how her parents take her to look at large houses on hills on Sundays. She criticizes people who live in those houses because they know nothing of the suffering of her people in the inner-city. They don't know about garbage or rats, for example. She promises that when she owns her own house one day, she will let bums stay in the attic "because I know how it is to be without a house" (87). Because of her own suffering, and the suffering of all living on streets like Mango, she vows never to forget those who are less-fortunate than her when she becomes successful and owns her own home.

Next, in "The Three Sisters," Rachel and Lucy's baby sister dies and three interesting women come to the funeral. While there, one of them calls Esperanza over and tells her to make a wish. The woman seems to know what Esperanza wished for because she tells her, "When you leave you must remember to come back" (105). Esperanza is shocked that the woman must have guessed that her wish is to move away from the inner-city and to buy her own home one day. Apparently, this is possible because the woman knows that Esperanza will escape the plague of poverty in her life, but reminds her not to forget Mango Street, what she's learned from it, and who she is because of it.

Finally, Alicia, the college student, tells Esperanza in "Alicia and I Talking on Edna's Steps" that she can run, but she can't hide from Mango Street. "Like it or not you are Mango Street, and one day you'll come back too" (107). Esperanza says that she won't come back until they make it better, but who will do that? How are things going to change for the impoverished people on Mango Street? They wonder if the mayor might do something; but that makes Esperanza laugh.

What is the style in O'Henry's "After Twenty Years"?

This romantic/sentimental and melodramatic style of O. Henry's stories is certainly evident in "After Twenty Years."

The sentimental element enters early in the narrative as two friends have arranged to meet each other after having parted ways twenty years ago. One of the friends stands in the doorway of what was once the diner where the two men often ate, and when a policeman on his beat stops, the man says with characteristic O. Henry unwitting irony that he is waiting for the "finest chap in the world," who will be sure to come soon.

"We figured that in twenty years each of us ought to have our destiny worked out and our fortunes made, whatever they were going to be."

As it turns out, there is the incongruity of O. Henry's stories in this statement from "Silky" Bob because during his declaration he has unknowingly revealed his destiny with the light of his match, which shows his face and diamond scarf pin. Also, his old friend Jimmy, who is actually the policeman, does not arrest him then because he is too sentimental about his long friendship with Bob. Instead, he returns to the police station where he elicits the aid of a plain clothes policeman. 

So, the ironic reversal occurs as the plain clothes man's false identity is discovered and this man gives "Silky" Bob the note that informs him why Jimmy has not met him at the location of the old diner.

How did Aaron Burr first anger Alexander Hamilton ?

Long before their duel in July of 1804, which left Hamilton with wounds that would kill him, Hamilton and Burr had been rivals. Their initial disagreement arose from a 1791 U.S. Senate race in which Burr defeated Philip Schuyler, who was Hamilton's father-in-law. Hamilton, then Secretary of the Treasury, was relying on his father-in-law's support for his fiscal program, which was in support of Federalist policies. Burr, on the other hand, was an anti-Federalist (later...

Long before their duel in July of 1804, which left Hamilton with wounds that would kill him, Hamilton and Burr had been rivals. Their initial disagreement arose from a 1791 U.S. Senate race in which Burr defeated Philip Schuyler, who was Hamilton's father-in-law. Hamilton, then Secretary of the Treasury, was relying on his father-in-law's support for his fiscal program, which was in support of Federalist policies. Burr, on the other hand, was an anti-Federalist (later a Democratic-Republican, called Republicans for short).

In 1800, Burr published a tract Hamilton had written to privately criticize John Adams, then the President. Burr's publication of this document embarrassed the Federalist party. The rift between Burr and Hamilton widened with the election of 1800, in which Burr and Thomas Jefferson deadlocked. Hamilton threw his support behind Jefferson in the House of Representatives (which had to decide the election), who wound up becoming President. Burr became the Vice President under Jefferson. Finally, in the election of 1804 for Governor of New York, Hamilton again opposed Burr's campaign, and Burr wound up losing the election. The event that precipitated their duel was a remark that Hamilton made at a social event about Burr; the remark, made in 1804, had to do with Burr's personal character.

Burr and Hamilton met in a duel in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. They had dueled with other people before. Each fired shots from their pistols; Burr was not harmed, but Hamilton was hit and died the day afterward. Burr, who was indicted but later acquitted on charges of murder, was hoping to revive his political career with the duel; however, the duel effectively ended his career. 

What page of The Outsiders says that Cherry was the greasers' spy?

Dally tells Johnny and Pony that Cherry was a spy for the greasers because she gave them information.

Dally, Johnny, and Pony met Cherry at the movies.  Even though she was a Soc, they talked to her.  Cherry did not like Dally, and Johnny got him to leave.  Johnny and Pony spent time with Cherry and her friend Marcia. 

Johnny and Pony were not aware that Cherry had talked to Dally.

“…Two-Bit's a good fighter....

Dally tells Johnny and Pony that Cherry was a spy for the greasers because she gave them information.

Dally, Johnny, and Pony met Cherry at the movies.  Even though she was a Soc, they talked to her.  Cherry did not like Dally, and Johnny got him to leave.  Johnny and Pony spent time with Cherry and her friend Marcia. 

Johnny and Pony were not aware that Cherry had talked to Dally.

“…Two-Bit's a good fighter. Hey, I didn't tell you we got us a spy."

"A spy?" Johnny looked up from his banana split. "Who?"

'That good-lookin' broad I tried to pick up that night you killed the Soc. The redhead, Cherry what's-her-name." (Ch. 5)

The relationship between Cherry and the gang is a complicated one.  She became friends with Pony and Johnny, but when her boyfriend Bob saw them together he got upset.  She got in the car with him because she did not want a fight.  However, later that night Pony and Johnny were in the park when Bob and his friends jumped them.  Bob was drowning Ponyboy when Johnny killed Bob to save Pony.

Cherry was sad when her boyfriend died, but she also understood that he was a mean drunk.  She loved Bob, but was tired of the violence between greasers.  Dally explained that Cherry was in danger just talking to the greasers.

"She came over to the vacant lot the night Two-Bit was jumped. Shepard and some of his outfit and us were hanging around there when she drives up in her little ol' Sting Ray. That took a lot of nerve. Some of us was for jumping her then and there, her bein' the dead kid's girl and all, but Two-Bit stopped us. …” (Ch. 6)

Dally tells them that Cherry feels like the whole thing is her fault, including the rumble, because she was seen with Johnny and Pony that night.  She wants the fighting to end and is trying to prevent the rumble. 

Pony realizes that when trying to help them, Cherry is not being a Soc.  She is being a “dreamer.”  Cherry had told Pony that things are rough all over, meaning that Socs have problems too.  She liked Pony because he was deep.  Pony realized that they both saw the same sunset.

How is Cassio's death supposed to inspire Othello?

Othello would be inspired by Cassio's death since he believes that Cassio was making him a cuckold by having an affair with his wife Desdemona. He would be inspired to kill Desdemona for the humiliation that he has suffered for her betrayal. Furthermore, he and Iago had made a pledge to kill the lovers, as suggested in the following extract:

... Till that a capable and wide revenge
Swallow them up. Now, by yond marble heaven,
Kneels
In the due reverence of a sacred vow
I here engage my words.

IAGO
Do not rise yet.

Kneels

Witness, you ever-burning lights above,
You elements that clip us round about,
Witness that here Iago doth give up
The execution of his wit, hands, heart,
To wrong'd Othello's service! Let him command,
And to obey shall be in me remorse,
What bloody business ever.

Iago here vows to give up everything he has to assist Othello in his revenge. This act is part of Iago's charade in manipulating Othello. He has subtly convinced the general that his erstwhile lieutenant and his wife were having an affair. Iago has now also mentioned that Cassio had been wiping his beard by using a precious handkerchief that he had given Desdemona as a wedding gift. The object has great sentimental value and significance for Othello and he believes that the only way Cassio could have it in his possession would be if Desdemona had given it to him. This, to him, is more than enough evidence that he is being cheated.

When Iago later manipulates events so that Othello actually sees the handkerchief in Cassio's possession during a conversation with Bianca, the general is even more convinced of his partner and his previous lieutenant's dishonesty. He reasons with Iago about the best way the two should be killed.

OTHELLO
Get me some poison, Iago; this night: I'll not
expostulate with her, lest her body and beauty
unprovide my mind again: this night, Iago.

IAGO
Do it not with poison, strangle her in her bed, even
the bed she hath contaminated.

OTHELLO
Good, good: the justice of it pleases: very good.

IAGO
And for Cassio, let me be his undertaker: you
shall hear more by midnight.

OTHELLO
Excellent good.

Later, when Iago wounds Cassio in the leg and he cries out in pain, Othello believes that Iago has fulfilled his part and has killed him. He is encouraged to commit his part of the promise.

OTHELLO
The voice of Cassio: Iago keeps his word.

When he again hears Cassio's cries for help, he says:

OTHELLO
'Tis he:--O brave Iago, honest and just,
That hast such noble sense of thy friend's wrong!
Thou teachest me. Minion, your dear lies dead,
And your unblest fate hies: strumpet, I come.
Forth of my heart those charms, thine eyes, are blotted;
Thy bed, lust-stain'd, shall with lust's blood be spotted.

Othello is clearly motivated by what he believes to be Cassio's just murder. He then proceeds to Desdemona's chamber where he smothers her to death.

The tragedy is that Othello's insecurity turned him int a foolish and gullible puppet in Iago's pernicious and manipulative hands. When he finally discovers the truth, he tragically takes his own life. 

What are some examples that help prove Atticus's statement, “Our courts are the great levelers, and in our courts all men are created equal,”...

In Chapter 20 of Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird, Atticus states in his closing remarks to the jury that, in the U.S., "our courts are the great levelers, and in our courts all men are created equal." Prior to this statement, Atticus argues that not all men are created equal in the ideological sense we would like to believe, because some are more intelligent; some are less so; some are born poor; some are born rich; and some are more or less talented, etc. However, the U.S. court system ensures equality for two different reasons.

First, the U.S. court brings all men—rich or poor—to a state of humility when charged with a crime, especially those wrongly accused. Those wrongly accused, like Tom Robinson, must rely on the judgements of others, not their own judgements, to be acquitted of their charge, and being reliant upon others fits the very definition of humility. Hence, Robinson serves as one example proving that "courts are the great levelers" since he, like all accused, had to enter the court in a state of humility. Similarly, when Atticus exposes Bob Ewell's guilt through cross-examination, Ewell is likewise brought to a state of humility.

Second, the US courts are the great equalizers because our system is based on the presumption of innocence, which asserts that a "defendant is innocent until proven guilty" ("Presumption of Innocence," Wex, Legal Information Institute, Cornell University Law School). Since all defendants—rich or poor—are believed to be innocent until the court can prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt, all men charged with a crime enter the court in an equal state of innocence. Unfortunately, this was not the case for Tom Robinson due to racial prejudices. As Scout later explains after reading Mr. Underwood's editorial, in "the secret courts of men's hearts," Robinson was always presumed to be guilty, not innocent, merely because he was African-American (Ch. 25).

While there are no examples of the presumption of innocence correctly being utilized in To Kill a Mockingbird, one can look at any U.S. court case to see the presumption of innocence playing out in favor of the accused, especially the first case that set the precedence for presumption of innocence, Coffin vs. United States in 1895.

Does the acceleration vector always point in the direction in which an object is moving? If not, describe a situation as an example.

No, acceleration does not always point in the direction in which the object is moving.

The vector that indicates the direction of motion is the velocity vector. The velocity vector is always tangent to the trajectory (path) of the object, and it indicates the direction in which the object moves at a given moment.

The acceleration, by definition, is the change of the velocity vector in a small amount of time. So if the velocity...

No, acceleration does not always point in the direction in which the object is moving.

The vector that indicates the direction of motion is the velocity vector. The velocity vector is always tangent to the trajectory (path) of the object, and it indicates the direction in which the object moves at a given moment.

The acceleration, by definition, is the change of the velocity vector in a small amount of time. So if the velocity is changing, it indicates the direction in which the velocity is changing.

For example, consider a train that is slowing down. The velocity vector of the train points in the same direction, but its magnitude becomes smaller. This means the change of the velocity vector, `Delta vecv` , is pointing opposite the velocity vector, and thus opposite the direction of the motion of the train. The acceleration vector points in the same direction as `Delta vecv` , opposite to the motion of the train.

Another example is seen with circular motion. Consider a child on a merry-go-round moving in a circle with constant speed. The acceleration of the child points towards the center of the circle, normal (perpendicular) to the child's trajectory. The velocity of the child is tangent to the circle. Here, the acceleration of the child is perpendicular to the direction of his motion, indicated by the velocity vector.

In "The Open Window," how does Mrs. Sappleton's comments about the hunters coming back contribute to the plot complications in the rising action?

Vera has set Framton Nuttel up to believe that Mrs. Sappleton's husband and her two brothers were killed exactly three years ago when they were sucked into a bog while hunting on the moor. The cunning girl has also made Framton believe that her aunt lost her mind as a result of the tragedy and for the past two years has been leaving the big French window open and waiting for the three men to return for tea. Not only that, but Saki, the author, has convinced the reader that Vera has told Framton the absolute truth.

Then when Vera's rather silly, dithering aunt appears in order to take over the hostess role from her fifteen-year-old niece, Framton naturally assumes that Mrs. Sappleton is insane. She only confirms Vera's assessment of her when:

"I hope you don't mind the open window," said Mrs. Sappleton briskly; "my husband and brothers will be home directly from shooting, and they always come in this way. They've been out for snipe in the marshes today, so they'll make a fine mess over my poor carpets. So like you menfolk, isn't it?"

Framton Nuttel, as has been well established, is suffering from a "nervous condition" and is only staying in this region as part of his "nerve cure." Vera's story about the three men being killed in a horrible manner (similar to the way the villainous Mr. Stapleton is killed in Grimpen Mire at the end of "The Hound of the Baskervilles") has already upset the nervous visitor, and Mrs. Sappleton's apparent insanity upsets him even further. Mrs. Sappleton is so positive that the three presumably dead men will be returning imminently that she plants that gruesome image indelibly in Framton's mind. Then:

"Here they are at last!" she cried. "Just in time for tea, and don't they look as if they were muddy up to the eyes!"

"Up to the eyes" is good because it makes them seem as if they have been buried in the bog for all these years. This is all told through Framton's point of view. He is seated in such a way that he cannot see the open window. He is looking at Mrs. Sappleton. Then he turns to look at Vera, expecting her to be showing by her facial expression that she shares Framton's pity and tolerance for the demented woman. But Vera is staring at the window with a totally unexpected expression.

Framton shivered slightly and turned towards the niece with a look intended to convey sympathetic comprehension. The child was staring out through the open window with a dazed horror in her eyes. 

The reader still isn't in on the joke. He thinks Vera's look of "dazed horror" is genuine. This expression on the face of the formerly "self-possessed" and apparently innocent young girl, makes Framton turn to look at the open window. And he sees what Vera expected him to see. Surely these men walking toward the open window are the dead hunters returned from the bog that killed them three years earlier!

Three ghosts would be bad enough, but three ghosts carrying guns are too much for poor Framton. He flees from the house without a word and is last seen running up the country road for his life. The reader does not realize Vera has played a trick on the visitor until Mrs. Sappleton's husband and two brothers enter through the open window and show that they are only ordinary mortals.

"Here we are, my dear," said the bearer of the white mackintosh, coming in through the window, "fairly muddy, but most of it's dry. Who was that who bolted out as we came up?"

"A most extraordinary man, a Mr. Nuttel," said Mrs. Sappleton; "could only talk about his illnesses, and dashed off without a word of goodby or apology when you arrived. One would think he had seen a ghost."

What rhetorical devices did John F. Kennedy use in his inaugural speech?

In his inaugural address, given on January 20, 1961, Kennedy most famously used the rhetorical device of chiasmus, which is a fancy way of saying that a phrase is inverted when it is repeated. When he said, "ask not what your country can do for you--ask what you can do for your country," he was using this AB-BA pattern, inverting the order of "country" and "you" the second time he used these two words. 

In...

In his inaugural address, given on January 20, 1961, Kennedy most famously used the rhetorical device of chiasmus, which is a fancy way of saying that a phrase is inverted when it is repeated. When he said, "ask not what your country can do for you--ask what you can do for your country," he was using this AB-BA pattern, inverting the order of "country" and "you" the second time he used these two words. 

In addition, Kennedy used antithesis--putting two opposing ideas next to each other. For example, in his first line, he said, "We observe not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom--symbolizing an end as well as a beginning--signifying renewal as well as change." The proximity of these opposing ideas made it clear that he was calling for a break with the past. He was at once recognizing an ending as well as celebrating a beginning that had a strong connection to the past.

Kennedy also used anaphora, or the repetition or words or phrases. For example, he said, "Let us begin anew...Let us never negotiate out of fear. But let us never fear to negotiate." The repetition of "let us" is an example of anaphora, while the "Let us know never negotiate out of fear. But let us never fear to negotiate" is another example of chiasmus. The repetition of words allowed Kennedy to place emphasis on them.

Finally, Kennedy used a great deal of alliteration, or starting two words that are close together or next to each other with the same sounds. There are many examples of alliteration in his speech, including "to friend and foe" and "a hard and bitter peace, proud.." Using alliteration made his speech more poetic and memorable.

What major challenges did President Washington face when he took office?

President Washington faced several changes when he took office and while he was President. One challenge he faced was in dealing with other countries. Spain and Great Britain were interfering with our trade. These countries also were encouraging the Native Americans to attack us. Great Britain, which was supposed to leave the forts in the West, failed to do so. President Washington knew we weren’t in a position to go to war against either country....

President Washington faced several changes when he took office and while he was President. One challenge he faced was in dealing with other countries. Spain and Great Britain were interfering with our trade. These countries also were encouraging the Native Americans to attack us. Great Britain, which was supposed to leave the forts in the West, failed to do so. President Washington knew we weren’t in a position to go to war against either country. Despite calls by some Americans to go to war, President Washington used diplomacy to negotiate treaties with Spain and Great Britain to resolve the issues we had with them. Jay’s Treaty was signed with Great Britain while Pinckney’s Treaty was signed with Spain.

President Washington also faced issues at home. Our country had significant debt that needed to be repaid. We also had a weak financial system since both the state governments and the federal government printed money during the days when the Articles of Confederation was our plan of government. The government under that plan was not able to tax the people. Working with his Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton, a debt plan was developed to repay our debts.

There were issues with keeping order at home. Under the plan of government created by the Articles of Confederation, the federal government had difficulty maintaining order at home. Shays Rebellion was a good example of this. President Washington made it clear the federal government would respond forcefully when disorder occurred. This was seen in his response to the Whiskey Rebellion. The federal government moved in and restored order.

President Washington faced several changes when he took office and during his two terms as President.

Y=6x-11 -3x-2y=7 solve by substitution |

When simplifying  equations that are done simultaneously it is important to make one variable the subject of the formula to simplify solving the equations. 

We already have y the subject of the formula of the one equation:

`y = 6x -11`

Now we can make y the subject of the formula for the next equation: 

`-3x -2y = 7`

`-3x-7 =2y` (apply inverse operations)

`(-3x-7)/2 = y` (apply inverse operations)

Since we have two equations, we can...

When simplifying  equations that are done simultaneously it is important to make one variable the subject of the formula to simplify solving the equations. 

We already have y the subject of the formula of the one equation:

`y = 6x -11`

Now we can make y the subject of the formula for the next equation: 

`-3x -2y = 7`

`-3x-7 =2y` (apply inverse operations)

`(-3x-7)/2 = y` (apply inverse operations)

Since we have two equations, we can now equate the two equations and solve for x: 

`6x - 11 = (-3x-7)/2`

`2(6x -11) = -3x -7` (inverse operations)

`12x - 22 = -3x -7` (multiply out)

Now get the variable x on the one side, and the constants on the other side:

`12x + 3x = -7+22` (apply inverse operations)

`15x = 15`

`x =1`

Since we know what x is, we can substitute it in the first equation as it is the easiest equation: 

`y = 6(1) -11`

`y = -5`

SUMMARY: `x = 1, y =-5`

What qualities does Aunt Polly exhibit in her behaviour towards Tom in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer?

Aunt Polly is loving and patient with her mischievous nephew Tom.

Aunt Polly is pretty much in over her head with her nephew Tom Sawyer.  Tom is not only mischievous but clever, constantly coming up with new ways to get into trouble.  Polly tries to raise him right, but she loves him so much that she finds it difficult to discipline him in the way she thinks she should.

He 'pears to know just how...

Aunt Polly is loving and patient with her mischievous nephew Tom.

Aunt Polly is pretty much in over her head with her nephew Tom Sawyer.  Tom is not only mischievous but clever, constantly coming up with new ways to get into trouble.  Polly tries to raise him right, but she loves him so much that she finds it difficult to discipline him in the way she thinks she should.

He 'pears to know just how long he can torment me before I get my dander up, and he knows if he can make out to put me off for a minute or make me laugh, it's all down again and I can't hit him a lick. (Ch. 1)

Polly feels that she isn’t doing her “duty” to Tom because she doesn’t spank him often enough.  Tom does try to avoid getting caught when he gets up to mischief, but Aunt Polly also can’t bring herself to hit him.  She is very loving and compassionate toward him because he has no parents but her.

When Polly does hit Tom for breaking the sugar bowl, he is surprised and upset because it was his brother Sid who actually broke it.  As Tom sulks, Aunt Polly tells Tom he probably deserved the punishment for something he had done that she hadn’t caught him at.  She still feels bad about hitting him though.

Then her conscience reproached her, and she yearned to say something kind and loving; but she judged that this would be construed into a confession that she had been in the wrong, and discipline forbade that. So she kept silence, and went about her affairs with a troubled heart. (Ch. 3)

Aunt Polly believes in home remedies, and often tries to give Tom potions and treatments that aren’t quite reputable.  Tom hates this, of course.  One day he gives his treatment to the cat, and when Aunt Polly sees the cat’s reaction she feels bad for even giving Tom the medicine.  She never realized how awful it was.

When Tom runs away and the whole town thinks he is dead, Aunt Polly is just happy to have him back when he shows up.  She loves him too much and missed him too much to be angry at him for running away.  Even though he is her nephew, she loves him like a son.

What did Mildred tell Montag when he asked if she had seen Clarisse?

Mildred is interesting because she is so self-involved that she doesn't really know what is going on outside of her own home. She's always watching three television screens at once, listening to her music, or sleeping. When Montag asks her about Clarisse, the girl next door, it takes Mildred a minute to grasp who he is talking about. After a little prodding by Montag, Mildred remembers who he means and says "I think she's gone....

Mildred is interesting because she is so self-involved that she doesn't really know what is going on outside of her own home. She's always watching three television screens at once, listening to her music, or sleeping. When Montag asks her about Clarisse, the girl next door, it takes Mildred a minute to grasp who he is talking about. After a little prodding by Montag, Mildred remembers who he means and says "I think she's gone. . . I meant to tell you. Forgot. Forgot" (47). Mildred forgets because she is too wrapped up in herself to remember someone else, or something as important as the following:

"The same girl. McClellan. McClellan. Run over by a car. Four days ago. I'm not sure. But I think she's dead. The family moved out anyway. I don't know. But I think she's dead" (47).

Mildred is the perfect citizen for an illiterate and hedonist society. Had she been able to tear herself away from her soap operas for one minute and taken an interest in her neighbors, she probably would have seen what Montag saw in Clarisse--life. This is just another reason why Montag feels something is wrong with their society. If someone, or a whole family, can disappear and the neighbors either don't care or don't take notice of it, there's something seriously wrong.

What are words to describe Vera in "The Open Window"?

The author describes Vera as being self-possessed. This would be about the same as being poised, relaxed, self-assured, self-confident, and sophisticated. The author emphasizes these qualities to prepare the reader and Framton Nuttel for a shock when she fakes a look of dazed horror while staring out the open window.

The girl is obviously intelligent, imaginative, and creative. She is shrewd about judging people. She is cautious,...

The author describes Vera as being self-possessed. This would be about the same as being poised, relaxed, self-assured, self-confident, and sophisticated. The author emphasizes these qualities to prepare the reader and Framton Nuttel for a shock when she fakes a look of dazed horror while staring out the open window.

The girl is obviously intelligent, imaginative, and creative. She is shrewd about judging people. She is cautious, as she shows by questioning Framton Nuttel before telling him her story about the hunters being accidentally killed three years ago while walking on the moor.

We can assume that Vera is bored and restless. As a young girl in Victorian times she has no freedom. She cannot go hunting with the men because that just wasn't done. She seems like an avid reader. Since she is bored and restless in her confinement in this big old house, she probably favors escapist-type reading about travel and adventure. She must have gotten that story about the man being pursued by pariah dogs from a book.

One of her outstanding character traits is that she is mischievous. She keeps this trait a deep secret and pretends to be a polite, well-bred, conventional young lady. But underneath her self-possessed exterior, she is a young rebel. She doesn't like being used as a substitute hostess, because she realizes that her aunt is training her to become another dumb country housewife like herself--and Vera doesn't want to become another Aunt Sappleton.

Atticus says, “Jem, see if you can stand in Bob Ewell’s shoes a minute. I destroyed his last shred of credibility at that trial, if he had any...

The Golden Rule is the Biblical principle regarding the proper way to treat one another. It states, "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you." In Chapter 23, Jem expresses his concerns about Bob Ewell harming Atticus, and Atticus responds by challenging Jem to stand in Bob Ewell's shoes for a minute. Atticus tells Jem that he doesn't blame Bob for his actions and is willing to allow Bob to take his anger out on him if it means saving Mayella one extra beating. Atticus's tolerant demeanor and willingness not to blame Bob for his reaction embodies the Golden Rule. Instead of judging Bob Ewell and criticizing him for his rude behavior, Atticus treats Bob the way he would want to be treated, which is without judgment or hard feelings. Atticus does not harbor hatred towards Bob after he spits in his face, but instead views the situation from Bob's point of view and sympathizes with him. 

What events after the American Revolution lead to a new sense of nationalism?

There were several events after the American Revolution that led to a new sense of nationalism in our country. One of these events was how we responded to the countries in North Africa that were associated with pirates that demanded tribute from our ships to sail the seas. The United States refused to pay this tribute and after some fighting, these countries backed off of their demands. We also refused to pay a bribe to...

There were several events after the American Revolution that led to a new sense of nationalism in our country. One of these events was how we responded to the countries in North Africa that were associated with pirates that demanded tribute from our ships to sail the seas. The United States refused to pay this tribute and after some fighting, these countries backed off of their demands. We also refused to pay a bribe to France when we wanted to meet with them about the French seizure of our ships. Americans were ready to pay millions of dollars to prepare for war with France, but we refused to pay a bribe just to talk with them. These foreign policy issues and their successful resolution show the new spirit of nationalism that was developing.

The United States also did some things domestically that reflected a new sense of nationalism. We developed the American System where we placed protective tariffs on foreign products to protect our industries. We developed a national bank so the government, the people, and our businesses would have a place to keep their money or to get loans. We saw the power of the federal government increase as a result of Supreme Court decisions such as McCulloch v Maryland and Gibbons v Ogden. We developed a plan to pay our debt, and we built a new capital city in Washington, D.C. We also increased the size of our country by making the Louisiana Purchase. We then began to explore the new lands we received.

After the American Revolution, a new sense of nationalism developed in many ways in our country.

What was the relationship between the Renaissance and the Reformation? To what extent did the ideas of the Renaissance shape the Reformation? How...

The first thing to understand is that the definition of the word "renaissance" is "rebirth." In the same way that the Renaissance was a cultural rebirth, the Reformation was a religious rebirth.

The rediscovery of Greek and Roman knowledge/writings in the late Dark Ages was the igniting spark of the Renaissance flame. Contrasting with Medieval obsession with God and the principle of "Trust the Church and obey", the Renaissance relished development of the individual. This...

The first thing to understand is that the definition of the word "renaissance" is "rebirth." In the same way that the Renaissance was a cultural rebirth, the Reformation was a religious rebirth.

The rediscovery of Greek and Roman knowledge/writings in the late Dark Ages was the igniting spark of the Renaissance flame. Contrasting with Medieval obsession with God and the principle of "Trust the Church and obey", the Renaissance relished development of the individual. This gave rise to a principle that we know as humanism and also the creation of a middle class. The Renaissance was at its height in Northern Italy during the 15th century, where times were prosperous and people had begun to accumulate enough wealth to be able to afford commissioning art and literature. This wealth and lavish living made the city-states in Italy far more powerful than they had ever been, and in turn, made the Church into an extremely powerful figure in economics and society. With this newfound wealth, corruption quickly followed.

Farther north, however, Germany had recently been hit by a huge economic crisis in the 14th century, so it took them a little longer to catch up. While Italy was all about creating new forms of expression in art and literature, the focus in Germany was scientific intellectualism. The Germans had set up a multitude of universities in the 15th century, where Latin and Greek were taught to the students. Reformer and priest Doctor Martin Luther went to one of these universities, and eventually became a professor at one as well. The Bible at this time was only written in Hebrew and Greek, and therefore was largely read by only priests. This allowed the Church to construct a sort of "chokehold" over the largely peasant population. This corruption led to a call to purify the Church. This notion was led by a scholar named Erasmus, whose translation of the Greek New Testament into Latin began an action to investigate the majority of the religious truths held by the Church. The invention of the printing press enabled this translation to be distributed widely, along with the later Martin Luther translation into German. Because of these now readily available translations and the widespread education of the common man in Europe, the Reformation took a firm grip over the entire continent. What started as a religious movement ended up becoming a societal and economic movement that brought change to the European continent that could not be undone.

Essentially, the Reformation could have happened at no other time in history than during the Renaissance. The Renaissance's very nature of free-thinking and exploration of new ideas actually gave birth to the Reformation, granting the characteristics of individualism and a desire for the truth in the process.

What is the significance of the title, "A Day's Wait"?

The title is significant as the "day's wait" is one Schatz spends alone in agony, believing that he will die. When his father notices that his son appears ill, he feels his forehead and realizes that the boy has a fever. So, he calls the doctor who comes to the house, as they used to do. Naturally, the doctor takes his temperature and tells the father that it is 102. Outside the boy's bedroom, the doctor adds that there is nothing to worry about unless it climbs over 104, and he gives the father some medication for his son for influenza. Shortly, the father returns to Schatz's bedroom; the boy's face is very white and he has dark circles under his eyes. The father narrates,

He lay still in the bed and seemed very detached from what was going on...

But he believes that Schatz is not feeling well and his unusual behavior and look are due to the flu. Schatz tells his father that he does not have to stay with him "if it's going to bother you," and still the father attributes this strange reaction to the boy's illness and the medicine he has just administered to him. So, he leaves the son's room, hoping that the boy will sleep. While the father is gone, "...the boy had refused to let others into the room," telling them they must not catch his illness. Then, when the father returns, Schatz is blanched and staring at the foot of the bed. After the father takes his temperature, Schatz asks what it is. His father tells him that it is nothing to worry about.

"I don't worry...but I can't keep from thinking."

"Don't think....Just take it easy."

Nevertheless, the father sees that his boy is "holding tight onto himself about something." As the father tries to read to his son, the boy asks,

"About what time do you think I am going to die?"

"People don't die with a fever of one hundred and two. That's a silly way to talk."

It is only then that Schatz reveals his belief that because he is in school in France, his temperature has been expressed in Celsius, rather than in Fahrenheit. There the boys have told him that "you can't live with forty-four degrees."

He had been waiting to die all day, ever since nine o'clock in the morning.

This is a wait that the sick boy should not have had to endure. Dismayed that his son has been so deceived and unnecessarily traumatized, the father tries to comfort him. However, the long day's wait has taken a toll upon Schatz, who is very "slack" the next day, and he "crie[s] very easily at little things that [are] of no importance," having let go of his stoic determination the day before.

In what month did Johnny Cade die in The Outsiders?

The events of the story take place in the fall.

Most of the action in The Outsiders happens in a short period of time.  When the story begins, it is fall.  It is not much later that Johnny dies.

Pony is a thoughtful kid, and he notices things like sunrises and sunsets and the changing of the seasons.  We can tell from the clothes people are wearing that it is getting cooler but not that...

The events of the story take place in the fall.

Most of the action in The Outsiders happens in a short period of time.  When the story begins, it is fall.  It is not much later that Johnny dies.

Pony is a thoughtful kid, and he notices things like sunrises and sunsets and the changing of the seasons.  We can tell from the clothes people are wearing that it is getting cooler but not that cold.  Pony also specifically mentions the season.

The pool was empty now in the fall, but the fountain was going merrily. Tall elm trees made the park shadowy and dark, and it would have been a good hangout, but we preferred our vacant lot, and the Shepard outfit liked the alleys down by the tracks, so the park was left to lovers and little kids. (Ch. 4)

There are a couple of other references to cold that seem to confirm that the story takes place around October.  We know that school is in session, but it is still warm enough to go around without a jacket.

Johnny and I stretched out on our backs and looked at the stars. I was freezing--- it was a cold night and all I had was that sweat shirt, but I could watch stars in sub-zero weather. I saw Johnny's cigarette glowing in the dark and wondered vaguely what it was like inside a burning ember... (Ch. 3)

Since he makes a comparison tos sub-zero weather, it is not that cold yet.  It is most likely just getting cooler because it is autumn.

Even though the exact month is not mentioned, it is clear that the story takes place over only a few days during fall sometime in the mid-sixties.  It begins when Johnny and Pony meet Cherry, and then they have to run away after killing Bob.  Not much longer after that they are hiding at the church when it catches fire, and shortly after that Johnny dies as a result of his injuries from the fire.

What are the main food-carrying tubes within vascular plants?

The main food-carrying tubes of vascular plants is made of a tissue called phloem.

Vascular plants contain vascular plant tissues. Phloem and xylem are the two types of vascular plant tissues. Together, phloem and xylem work as a transport system to carry nutrients to the various parts of a plant.

Phloem is the plant tissue that conducts sugars and other metabolic products downwards from the leaves. Chlorophyll is a green pigment that is housed in...

The main food-carrying tubes of vascular plants is made of a tissue called phloem.

Vascular plants contain vascular plant tissues. Phloem and xylem are the two types of vascular plant tissues. Together, phloem and xylem work as a transport system to carry nutrients to the various parts of a plant.

Phloem is the plant tissue that conducts sugars and other metabolic products downwards from the leaves. Chlorophyll is a green pigment that is housed in the chloroplasts of the plant cells that make up the leaves. The chlorophyll captures sunlight energy that is to drive photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the process during which carbon dioxide gas and water are converted into glucose sugar and oxygen gas. The glucose is used as a food source for the plant. The phloem is the tissue of vascular plants that carries this food source throughout the plant.